https://roman-gardens.github.io/id/add593790a/Recent content in Pergamum on Gardens of the Roman EmpireHugoen-usThu, 01 Oct 2026 10:51:43 -0400https://roman-gardens.github.io/id/22d82e6588/Thu, 01 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000https://roman-gardens.github.io/id/22d82e6588/<h2 id="dates">Dates</h2> <p>unspecified</p> <h2 id="excavation-dates">Excavation Dates</h2> <p>unspecified</p> <h2 id="garden-description">Garden Description</h2> <p>Nielsen has suggested that the peristyle of the Royal palace V, which is unpaved, was possibly a garden, watered by cisterns (Fig. 1).</p> <!-- ## Maps <figure> <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/roman-gardens/gre-images/main/content/place/asia/pergamum/filename.jpg" alt="" onclick="fullscreen(this)"> <figcaption> </figcaption> </figure> --> <h2 id="plans">Plans</h2> <!-- Fig. 1: Plan of the peristyle court in Palace V, after H. Schleif in Nielsen, Hellenistic Palaces, fig. 52) <figure> <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/roman-gardens/gre-images/main/content/place/asia/pergamum/filename.jpg" alt="" onclick="fullscreen(this)"> <figcaption> </figcaption> </figure> --> <!-- ## Images <figure> <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/roman-gardens/gre-images/main/content/place/asia/pergamum/filename.jpg" alt="" onclick="fullscreen(this)"> <figcaption> </figcaption> </figure> --> <h2 id="bibliography">Bibliography</h2> <ul> <li>M. Carroll-Spillecke, “The Gardens of Greece from Homeric to Roman Times,” <em>Journal of Garden History</em> 12, 1992: 84-101. <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/title/4898050192" target="_blank">(worldcat)</a>; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/01445170.1992.10410564" target="_blank">(Taylor &amp; Francis Online)</a></li> <li>A. Kuttner, “Republican Rome looks at Pergamon” In <em>Harvard Studies in Classical Philology</em> vol. 97, <em>Greece in Rome: Influence, Interaction, Resistance</em>, ed. C.P.Jones, R. Thomas, 1997, pp. 157-178. <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/title/7781158701" target="_blank">(worldcat)</a></li> <li>C. Ratte, “Pergamon,” <em>Oxford Encyclopedia of Near Eastern Archaeology</em>, 1997, 261-262. <a href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195065121.001.0001/acref-9780195065121" target="_blank">(Oxford)</a></li> <li>I. Nielsen, <em>Hellenistic Palaces</em>. Aarhus, 1994, p. 107, catalog no. 15. <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/title/32291133" target="_blank">(worldcat)</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="keywords">Keywords</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="https://roman-gardens.github.io/search/?q=peristyles">peristyles (Roman courtyards)</a> (<a class="id" target="_blank" href="http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300080971" title="Art and Architecture Thesaurus (Getty)">AAT:300080971</a>) </li> <li> <a href="https://roman-gardens.github.io/search/?q=cisterns">cisterns (plumbing components)</a> (<a class="id" target="_blank" href="http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300052558" title="Art and Architecture Thesaurus (Getty)">AAT:300052558</a>) </li> </ul> <!-- ## Places - (<a class="id" target="_blank" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places" title="Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places">Pleiades:</a>) <br> - (<a class="id" target="_blank" href="http://vocab.getty.edu/page/tgn" title="Thesaurus of Geographic Names (Getty)">TGN:</a>) <br> -->https://roman-gardens.github.io/id/64c43f2f28/Thu, 01 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000https://roman-gardens.github.io/id/64c43f2f28/<h2 id="dates">Dates</h2> <p>late third to second centuries BCE</p> <h2 id="excavation-dates">Excavation Dates</h2> <p>unspecified</p> <h2 id="garden-description">Garden Description</h2> <p>King Eumenes II of Pergamum employed a gardener to plant new trees and nurse damaged ones back to health in the grove of the Nikephorion, following an attack on the city by Philip V of Macedon in 201 BCE, during which Philip V ordered his troops to cut down trees in the sanctuary (Polybios 16.1.6).</p> <!-- ## Maps --> <!-- ## Plans --> <!-- ## Images --> <h2 id="bibliography">Bibliography</h2> <ul> <li>M. Carroll-Spillecke, “The Gardens of Greece from Homeric to Roman Times,” <em>Journal of Garden History</em> 12, 1992: 84-101. <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/title/4898050192" target="_blank">(worldcat)</a>; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/01445170.1992.10410564" target="_blank">(Taylor &amp; Francis Online)</a></li> <li>A. Kuttner, “Republican Rome looks at Pergamon” In <em>Harvard Studies in Classical Philology</em> vol. 97, <em>Greece in Rome: Influence, Interaction, Resistance</em>, ed. C.P.Jones, R. Thomas, 1997, pp. 157-178. <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/title/7781158701" target="_blank">(worldcat)</a></li> <li>C. Ratte, “Pergamon,” <em>Oxford Encyclopedia of Near Eastern Archaeology</em>, 1997, 261-262. <a href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195065121.001.0001/acref-9780195065121" target="_blank">(Oxford)</a></li> <li>I. Nielsen, <em>Hellenistic Palaces</em>. Aarhus, 1994, p. 107, catalog no. 15. <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/title/32291133" target="_blank">(worldcat)</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="keywords">Keywords</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="https://roman-gardens.github.io/search/?q=groves">groves (plant communities)</a> (<a class="id" target="_blank" href="http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300008884" title="Art and Architecture Thesaurus (Getty)">AAT:300008884</a>) </li> <li> <a href="https://roman-gardens.github.io/search/?q=sanctuary centers">sanctuary centers (religious centers)</a> (<a class="id" target="_blank" href="http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300391482" title="Art and Architecture Thesaurus (Getty)">AAT:300391482</a>) </li> <li> <a href="https://roman-gardens.github.io/search/?q=inscriptions">inscriptions</a> (<a class="id" target="_blank" href="http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300028702" title="Art and Architecture Thesaurus (Getty)">AAT:300028702</a>) </li> <li><a href="https://catalog.perseus.org/catalog/urn:cite:perseus:author.228" target="_blank">Athenaeus</a></li> <li><a href="https://catalog.perseus.org/catalog/urn:cite:perseus:author.1141" target="_blank">Pliny the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="https://catalog.perseus.org/catalog/urn:cite:perseus:author.365" target="_blank">Cicero</a></li> <li><a href="https://catalog.perseus.org/catalog/urn:cite:perseus:author.204" target="_blank">Aristotle</a></li> <li><a href="https://catalog.perseus.org/catalog/urn:cite:perseus:author.1144" target="_blank">Plutarch</a></li> <li> <a href="https://roman-gardens.github.io/search/?q=quadriportici">quadriportici</a> (<a class="id" target="_blank" href="http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300004101" title="Art and Architecture Thesaurus (Getty)">AAT:300004101</a>) </li> <li> <a href="https://roman-gardens.github.io/search/?q=palaestrae">palaestrae</a> (<a class="id" target="_blank" href="http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300007301" title="Art and Architecture Thesaurus (Getty)">AAT:300007301</a>) </li> <li> <a href="https://roman-gardens.github.io/search/?q=gymnasiums">gymnasiums (physical education buildings)</a> (<a class="id" target="_blank" href="http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300007297" title="Art and Architecture Thesaurus (Getty)">AAT:300007297</a>) </li> </ul> <h2 id="places">Places</h2> <ul> <li> Temple Grove of Nikephorion at Pergamum (<a class="id" target="_blank" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/537932154" title="Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places">Pleiades:537932154</a>) </li> </ul>