Gardens of the Roman Empire

Insula

House

House 10

Garden

House of L. Vousius Faustus and M. Vousius Faustus (I.ii.10)

Keywords

Garden Description

The garden at the rear of the house, excavated in 1873, is almost totally destroyed. According to Mau, most of the garden was occupied by a large pool (5.40 X 2.90 m.) which was sloped toward the west from where it drained into the street through a pipe. The pool was surrounded by a low wall about 0.55 m. high leaving only a narrow space between the pool and the walls. In the northwest corner were the two beds of a masonry biclinium which sloped toward the wall, as was customary. Rainwater falling on them was carried away by a terra-cotta drain which emptied into the pool. A square niche under the north couch provided a storage space. On the wall above this couch was a rectangular niche lararium with a roughly made aedicula facade (Fig. 3, 2.19.72). At the east end of this couch was a masonry table. Fiorelli reports a planting bed attached to the rear (east) wall. There was a view from the triclinium through the large window in the east wall, across the pool to the garden painting on the rear wall.

Garden Painting

When this garden was excavated in 1873, the excavators reported three panels on the east wall with garden paintings. The center panel had a body of water with swimming fish with assorted animals in the background that included a grazing deer and a springing leopard. The two panels on either side each had a large crater-shaped fountain surrounded by thick growth. Large red flowers and yellow apples could be identified to the left of each fountain and the right, pomegranates (Punica granatum L.). Jashemski examined this painting in 1964 to find it had been covered by a growth of ivy which had destroyed most of the painting. A section of a large pomegranate bush was all that was left intact at the time. She describes the leaves, painted in blue-green with darker shading and a few yellow leaves and the fruit, deep yellow with reddish-orange shading, as being rendered in an impressionistic manner. At the right of the entrance to the garden area was a cistern opening.

Plans

Fig. 1: Plan of Pompeii with Region I highlighted, plan in Jashemski, Gardens, p.21

Fig. 2: Plan of Region I, insula ii, plan in Jashemski, Gardens, plan 5, p. 22; Viola, Scavi, pl. 1; Niccolini, Case, vol. 3, "Topo grafia," pl. 9

Images

Fig. 3: I.ii.10; 2.19.72, S. A. Jashemski.

Dates

unspecified

Excavation Dates

1873

Bibliography

Boyce, p. 22, no. 6.
Fiorelli, Descr., p. 42. (worldcat)
GiornSc, n.s., 3 (1874-1877), col. 57.
Jashemski, Gardens, 1:1 10-1 1 1. (worldcat)
Jashemski, Gardens, vol.II, p. 22. (worldcat)
Jashemski, Gardens, vol.II, p. 313. (worldcat)
Mau, BdI (1874), pp. 197-198.
Niccolini, Case, vol. 2, "Descr. Gen.," p. 76.
Schefold, WandP, p. 9 (describes this painting as a paradeisos, with sea, deer, panther, and nymphaeum). (worldcat)
Sogliano, "Pitture," p. 224, no. 694. (worldcat)
Soprano, p.305, no. 23.
Viola, "Scavi" p. 11. (worldcat)

Places

I.2.10 House of L. Vousius Faustus and M. Volusius Faustus

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

Garden

Garden at the rear of the House of L. Vousius Faustus and M. Volusius Faustus.

Garden Description

The garden at the rear of the house, excavated in 1873, is almost totally destroyed. According to Mau, most of the garden was occupied by a large pool (5m X 2.90m) which was sloped toward the west from where it drained into the street through a pipe. The pool was surrounded by a low wall about 0.55m high leaving only a narrow space between the pool and the walls. In the northwest corner were the two beds of a masonry biclinium which sloped toward the wall, as was customary. Rainwater falling on them was carried away by a terracotta drain which emptied into the pool. A square niche under the north couch provided a storage space. On the wall above this couch was a rectangular niche lararium with a roughly made aedicules facade. At the east end of this couch was a masonry table. Fiorelli reports a planting bed attached to the rear (east) wall. There was a view from the triclinium through the large window in the east wall, across the pool to the garden painting on the rear wall.

When this garden was excavated in 1873, the excavators reported three panels on the east wall with garden paintings. The center panel had a body of water with swimming fish with assorted animals in the background that included a grazing deer and a springing leopard. The two panels on either side each had a large crater-shaped fountain surrounded by thick growth. Large red flowers and yellow apples could be identified to the left of each fountain and the right, pomegranates (Punica granatum L.) Jashemski examined this painting in 1964 to find it had been covered by a growth of ivy which had destroyed most of the painting. A section of a large pomegranate bush was all that was left intact at the time. She describes the leaves, painted in blue-green with darker shading and a few yellow leaves and the fruit, deep yellow with reddish-orange shading, as being rendered in an impressionistic manner. At the right of the entrance to the garden area was a cistern opening.

Bibliography

Boyce, G.K. 1937. Corpus of the Lararia of Pompeii, p. 22
Fiorelli, G. 1875. Descrizione di Pompei, p. 42 (worldcat)
Jashemski, W.F. 1979, Garden of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius, pp. 110-111 (worldcat)
Jashemski, W.F. 1993, Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Vol. II, Appendices, p. 22, 313 (worldcat)
Niccolini, F. Le case ed i monumenti di Pompeii, Naples, Vol. II, p. 76
Schefold, K. and Dräyer, W. 1956. Pompeji, p. 9 (describes this painting as a paradeisos, with sea, deer, panther, and a nymphaeum)
Sogliano, A. 1879. Le pitture murali campane scoverte negli anni 1867-79, p. 224, no.694 Viola, L. 1879. Gli scavi di Pompei dal 1873 al 1878, p. 11

Places

Excavation Dates

Excavated 1873. Bombed in 1943.

I.2.15

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

impluvia AAT:300129867

Garden

Small house with a planting bed around an indoor impluvium.

Garden Description

This humble house was excavated in 1873. It had no garden but the impluvium was surrounded by a low masonry wall. The top contained a planting bed which served as a small garden.

Bibliography

Fiorelli, G. 1875. Descrizione di Pompei, p. 42 (worldcat)
Jashemski, W.F. 1993, Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Vol. II, Appendices, p. 22 (worldcat)
Viola, L. 1879. Gli scavi di Pompei dal 1873 al 1878, p. 12
Warscher, T. 1937-1957. Codex Topographicus Pompeianus

Places

Excavation Dates

Excavated 1869 and 1873. Bombed in 1943.

I.2.16

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

Garden

Peristyle garden with decorative elements.

Garden Description

This house was excavated in 1873. The entranceway led directly to the portico which enclosed the garden on the north and east. In the northwest corner of the portico a masonry aedicula lararium formed an arched niche on top of a solid podium. A low wall connected the columns and pillars of the portico. There was an entrance to the garden on the east side and a gutter along the east and north edges of the garden. A terracotta statuette of a seated old man holding a scroll in his right hand and wearing a short sleeved tunic (0.60 m high; Mus. Naz. Inv. No. 109 622; Ruesh no. 453) served as a fountain. This statue has been variously identified, but most likely was the Greek philosopher Antisthenes (ca. 445-360), a devoted follower of Socrates. A terracotta puteal was also found in the garden.

Bibliography

Boyce, G.K. 1937. Corpus of the Lararia of Pompeii, p. 22 (worldcat)
Curtius, L. 1994. Miszellen zur Geschichte des greichischen Porträts, RM, p. 38
Dwyer, E.J. 2010. Pompeii's living statues: ancient Roman lives stolen from death, p. 128 (worldcat)
Fiorelli, G. 1875. Descrizione di Pompei, p. 43 (worldcat)
GiornSc, n.s. (1874-77), cols. 46, 177-179 and plate 6
Ippel, A. 1939. Statuetten aus Pompeji. AA, pp. 367-368
Jashemski, W.F. 1979, Garden of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius, pp. 48 (worldcat)
Jashemski, W.F. 1993, Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Vol. II, Appendices, pp. 22-23 (worldcat)
Kapossy, B. 1969. Brunnenfiguren der hellenistischen und romischen Zeit, Zurich, p. 47 (worldcat)
Niccolini, F. Le case ed i monumenti di Pompeii, Naples, Vol. III, plate 12
Pernice, E. and Winter, F. 1925, Gefässe und Geräthe aus BronzeDie Hellenistische Kunst in Pompeii, 5, p. 34
Richter, G. 1960. Greek Portraits, pp. 33-34, fig. 133 (worldcat)
Richter, G. 1984. Portraits of the Greeks, p. 181 and fig. 1056 (worldcat)
Viola, L. 1879. Gli scavi di Pompei dal 1873 al 1878, pp. 12, 79 (worldcat)
Von Rohden, H. and Otto, L. 1880. Terracotten von Pompeji, pp. 21, 44-45 and plate 32 (worldcat)
Warscher, T. 1937-1957. Codex Topographicus Pompeianus (worldcat)

Places

Excavation Dates

Excavated 1872.

I.2.17

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

Garden

A small garden with pools to the rear of a domestic property, in addition to one peristyle garden with decorative elements.

Garden Description

A. At the rear of the house was a very small garden entered from the tablinum. Excavated in 1872, much of the garden was occupied by two small raised pools, according to Mau. Attached to the west wall was a masonry pool 0.58 m deep on the inside and 0.73 m high on the outside. The other pool was to the south and there was a garden painting on the rear wall.

B. The peristyle garden to the east of the atrium was excavated in 1873. It had a portico on the north and west supported by two pillars, one at the northwest corner and the other in the middle of the north side. A gutter sloped towards the southeast corner as it went around the east, north, and west edges of the garden. A shrine-like structure was built against the east wall with the marble veneered façade above the level of the floor of the niche. The niche contained a marble statuette of Venus, her left arm supported by a statuette (1.04 m high; Mus Naz. inv. no. 109 608; Ruesch no. 1325). The wall behind the statue was painted to represent blue drapery and the ceiling had a shell-like fluting. Two small marble statuettes of toads (Mus. Nac. inv. no. 109 609, 109 610) found in the garden and probably the one of two doves (Mus. Naz. inv. no. 120 407) found in the tablinum decorated the flowerbeds. There was also a marble head of a man identified as Agrippa, found cemented in a cup (total height 0.285 m; Mus. Nac. inv. no. 109 611; Reusch no. 1081). The marble statuette of Hercules wrapped in a lion skin (0.70 m high; Mus. Nac. inv. no. 109 677) found in the atrium was probably a garden decoration. The large room on the north had a fine view of the garden and the east and south walls of the garden were decorated with garden paintings. These were separated by narrow panels with a painting of a candelabrum, according to Mau, and each painting featured a fence with an amphora upon it. Behind this there was a thicket with birds. On either side of the amphora there was an ibis, and a pheasant in the center. Fiorelli mentioned observing animals in the paintings. Jashemski notes that no trace of the paintings remained when she examined the site; she has never seen a pheasant represented in any garden paintings.

Bibliography

Boyce, G.K. 1937. Corpus of the Lararia of Pompeii, p. 22 (worldcat)
De Franciscis, A. 1951. Il ritratto romano a Pompei, p. 25 and figs. 10-11 (worldcat)
Dwyer, E.J. 2010. Pompeii's living statues: ancient Roman lives stolen from death, p. 124, 127 (worldcat)
Fiorelli, G. 1875. Descrizione di Pompei, p. 44 (worldcat)
GiornSc, n.s., 1874-1877, 3, cols. 46-47, 48, 55
Grimal, P. 1969. Les jardins romaines, p. 445, no.1
Jashemski, W.F. 1979, Garden of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius, pp. 124-125 (worldcat)
Jashemski, W.F. 1993, Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Vol. II, Appendices, pp. 23-24, 313 (worldcat)
Mau, A. 1873. BdI, pp. 233-235
Mau, A. 1874. BdI, pp.265-266
Niccolini, F. Le case ed i monumenti di Pompeii, Naples, Vol. II, p. 76
Niccolini, F. Le case ed i monumenti di Pompeii, Naples, Vol. III, p. 6, plate no.14
Reinach, S. 1904. Répertoire de la Statuaire Grecque et Romaine, p. 378 (worldcat)
Sogliano, A. 1879. Le pitture murali campane scoverte negli anni 1867-79, p. 223, no. 691
Sogliano, A. 1883. Notizie degli Scavi, p. 310
Viola, L. 1879. Gli scavi di Pompei dal 1873 al 1878, pp. 12, 76, no.1, p. 77, nos. 5, 12, p.79, nos. 45, 46 (worldcat)
Warscher, T. 1937-1957. Codex Topographicus Pompeianus, no. 32 (worldcat)

Places

Excavation Dates

Excavated 1869.

I.2.20 Caupona of Innulus

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

Garden

Garden serving the Caupona of Innulus.

Garden Description

This small caupona had a garden at the rear with a roofed passageway on the east and the south. It was excavated in 1873 and a masonry biclinium (l. medius, 2.65m.; l. imus 2.94 m.) with a round table (dia. 0.93 m.) was uncovered in the northwest corner and a niche lararium on the north garden wall.

Bibliography

Boyce, G.K. 1937. Corpus of the Lararia of Pompeii, p. 23, no.13 (worldcat)
Fiorelli, G. 1875. Descrizione di Pompei, p. 45 (worldcat)
GiornSc, n.s., 1874-1877, 3, cols. 47-48
Jashemski, W.F. 1993, Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Vol. II, Appendices, p. 24 (worldcat)
Mau, A. 1874. BdI, pp.263
Niccolini, F. Le case ed i monumenti di Pompeii, Naples, Vol. II, p. 77
Soprano, P. 1950, 'I triclini all'aperto di Pompei', In Pompeiana, raccolta di studi per il secondo centenario degli scavi di Pompei, Napoli, Gaetano Macchiaroli, Editore, p. 305, no.24
Viola, L. 1879. Gli scavi di Pompei dal 1873 al 1878, pp. 12-13 (worldcat)
Warscher, T. 1937-1957. Codex Topographicus Pompeianus (worldcat)

Places

Excavation Dates

Excavated 1869.

I.2.22

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

Garden

Garden serving a caupona.

Garden Description

This caupona was excavated in 1873 but the reports offer insufficient details to determine if the open area had been planted. The room was entered directly from the street and the open area, had a portico on the north and east supported by one pillar. Fifteen amphorae with inscriptions were uncovered here.

Bibliography

Fiorelli, G. 1875. Descrizione di Pompei, p. 45 (worldcat)
GiornSc, n.s., 1874-1877, col.60
Jashemski, W.F. 1993, Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Vol. II, Appendices, pp. 24-25 (worldcat)
Mau, A. 1874. BdI, pp.263
Viola, L. 1879. Gli scavi di Pompei dal 1873 al 1878, p. 13 (worldcat)

Places

Excavation Dates

Excavated 1870.

I.2.24 Officina Libraria

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

Garden

Garden serving a caupona.

Garden Description

The garden east of the atrium had a portico extending along the south and part of the west sides. A low wall (0.52m high) connected the columns and an entrance to the garden was located on the west. In 1873 the caupona was excavated. The garden contained a masonry triclinium (l. medius, 3.85m; l. summus and l. imus, 3.20m) with a table. The badly damaged triclinium revealed the amphorae used in its construction. A low podium along the north wall was thought by Fiorelli to have held flowerpots. Mau reported a drainage channel at the corner of the triclinium formed by the l. meduis and the l. summus, although it is no longer evident. The base of an aedicula lararium remains against the east wall opposite the north end of the east couch.

Bibliography

Boyce, G.K. 1937. Corpus of the Lararia of Pompeii, p. 23, no.17
Fiorelli, G. 1875. Descrizione di Pompei, p. 47 (worldcat)
GiornSc, n.s., 1874-1877, col.60
Jashemski, W.F. 1979, Garden of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius, p. 179 (worldcat)
Jashemski, W.F. 1993, Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Vol. II, Appendices, p. 25 (worldcat)
Mau, A. 1873. BdI, pp.245
Mau, A. 1874. BdI, pp. 253-256, 262-263
Mau, A. 1907. Pompeii: It's life and art, p. 404
Niccolini, F. Le case ed i monumenti di Pompeii, Naples, Vol. II, p. 77
Soprano, P. 1950, 'I triclini all'aperto di Pompei', In Pompeiana, raccolta di studi per il secondo centenario degli scavi di Pompei, Napoli, Gaetano Macchiaroli, Editore, p. 292-293, no.1
Viola, L. 1879. Gli scavi di Pompei dal 1873 al 1878, p. 13 (worldcat)
Warscher, T. 1937-1957. Codex Topographicus Pompeianus, no.32 (worldcat)

Places

Excavation Dates

Excavated 1872.

I.2.28 Casa Della Grata Metallica; Casa Dell'Atrio Tetra-Stilo

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

Garden

Peristyle garden at the rear of the Casa Della Grata Metallica (also known as the Casa Dell'Atrio Tetra-Stilo).

Garden Description

At the rear of the house there was a peristyle garden with a portico along the east side and part of the south. The excavation took place in 1873-74. A low wall joined three stuccoed brick columns and two engaged ones which supported the portico. There was an entrance to the garden on the south side opposite the door from the tablinum and another on the east opposite the kitchen door, which was closed later according to Mau. The columns were white above the height of the wall and red below. Water was carried to the cistern by a wide gutter on the south and east edges of the garden, and Mau found some evidence of aqueduct water. There was a masonry triclinium (l. medius, 5.30 m; l. imus, 3.85 m; l. summus, 2.70 m) with a circular table (dia. of support, 0.70 m) built against the west wall. Inside of each couch there were four niches (0.19 m wide). The last niche in the south couch was larger in size and separated from the other three by the mouth of the cistern. There was a small masonry podium on the north wall with steps for access. A round tufa altar was located opposite the lectus summus.

Bibliography

Fiorelli, G. 1875. Descrizione di Pompei, p. 70-1 (worldcat)
GiornSc, n.s., 1874-1877, col.60
Jashemski, W.F. 1993, Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Vol. II, Appendices, p. 25 (worldcat)
Mau, A. 1874. BdI, pp. 250-252
Niccolini, F. Le case ed i monumenti di Pompeii, Naples, Vol. II, p. 77
Soprano, P. 1950, 'I triclini all'aperto di Pompei', In Pompeiana, raccolta di studi per il secondo centenario degli scavi di Pompei, Napoli, Gaetano Macchiaroli, Editore, p. 293, no.2 and figs. 28.6, 29
Viola, L. 1879. Gli scavi di Pompei dal 1873 al 1878, p. 14 (worldcat)
Warscher, T. 1937-1957. Codex Topographicus Pompeianus, nos.54-57 (worldcat)

Places

Excavation Dates

Excavated 1873.

I.2.3

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

columns (architectural elements)AAT:300001571

Garden

Small viridarium to the rear of a house.

Garden Description

The small viridarium at the rear of the house had narrow, slightly raised beds along the walls on the north and east side. These beds were for the cultivation of flowers, according to Fiorelli. A small vestibule on the north side of the garden was decorated with remnants of tufa columns brought from another site.

Bibliography

Fiorelli, G. 1875. Descrizione di Pompei, p. 37 (worldcat)
Jashemski, W.F. 1993, Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Vol. II, Appendices, p. 21 (worldcat)
Niccolini, F. Le case ed i monumenti di Pompeii, Naples, Vol. II, p. 76
Viola, L. 1879. Gli scavi di Pompei dal 1873 al 1878, p. 10
Warscher, T. 1937-1957. Codex Topographicus Pompeianus, plate no.12.

Places

Excavation Dates

1916, 1950, 1985. Bombed in 1943.

I.2.6

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

Garden

Small peristyle garden at the rear of the house.

Garden Description

The west portico of the small peristyle garden at the rear of the house was entered through two doors directly from the atrium. The garden was enclosed on four sides by a portico supported by eight stuccoed brick columns. On the foreside, the two first columns on the left had a larger intercolumniation corresponding to the wide opening opposite the atrium. Between these columns stood a terracotta puteal covered with white stucco. A gutter around the edges of the garden was shown in the plan. The round pool in the center of the garden no longer exists, and only stumps of the columns remain today. One of the graffiti on the walls of the portico noted that on November 17 Puteolana gave birth to three males and two females (XV K(alendas) NOV(embres) PVTEOLANA PEPERIT MASCL(os) III FEMEL[as] II (CIL IV. 3890). Perhaps they were either piglets or puppies. Pigs were more common in ancient cities than is commonly realized.

Bibliography

Fiorelli, G. 1875. Descrizione di Pompei, p. 39 (worldcat)
Jashemski, W. F. 1979, Garden of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius, pp. 104-105 (for the graffito)(worldcat)
Jashemski, W. F. 1993, Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Vol. II, Appendices, p. 21 (worldcat)
Niccolini, F. Le case ed i monumenti di Pompeii, Naples, Vol. II, p. 76
Viola, L. 1879. Gli scavi di Pompei dal 1873 al 1878, p. 11
Warscher, T. 1937-1957. Codex Topographicus Pompeianus

Places

Excavation Dates

Excavated 1872. Bombed in 1943.

I.3.20/22

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

Garden

Garden to the rear of a domestic property and joined to a thermopolium.

Garden Description

At the rear of this house there was a garden with a passageway on the north and the west. The garden had a gutter along the east, north, and west edges. Embedded in the garden were four large dolia. A large triclinium on the east side had a window that looked out into the garden. Fiorelli surmised that the remains of one couch of a masonry triclinium in the west passageway indicated the possible presence of a room that had been destroyed by the earthquake. There was also a small altar on the right side of the peristyle and a terracotta puteal in the passageway.

Bibliography

Boyce, G.K. 1937. Corpus of the Lararia of Pompeii, p. 24, no.25 (worldcat)
Fiorelli, G. 1860. Giornale degli scavi di Pompei, p. 73 (worldcat)
Fiorelli, G. 1875. Descrizione di Pompei, p. 54 (worldcat)
Jashemski, W.F. 1993. Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Vol. II, Appendices, p. 27 (worldcat)
Matz, F. 1869. BdI, p. 242
Niccolini, F. Le case ed i monumenti di Pompeii, Naples, Vol. II, p. 78
Soprano, P. 1950, 'I triclini all'aperto di Pompei', In Pompeiana, raccolta di studi per il secondo centenario degli scavi di Pompei, Napoli, Gaetano Macchiaroli, Editore, p. 308, no.36
Warscher, T. 1937-1957. Codex Topographicus Pompeianus (worldcat)

Places

Excavation Dates

Excavated 1868.

I.3.23 House of Actius Anicetus

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

Garden

Peristyle garden to the rear of a domestic property.

Garden Description

This site was excavated in 1868 revealing a peristyle garden at the rear of the house. A portico on the east and north side was supported by five columns connected by a low wall. There was an opening to the garden on the north. The middle of the garden had two cistern puteals. The west wall of the garden held the famous painting depicting the battle between the Nucerians and the Pompeians in the amphitheatre (1.60m high by a little less than 2.00m wide; Mus. Naz. Inv. No. 112 222; Ruesch no. 1344). This event was recorded by Tacitus (Annals 14.17). A gutter went along the east, south, and north edges of the garden.

Bibliography

Fiorelli, G. 1860. Giornale degli scavi di Pompei, p. 74 (worldcat)
Fiorelli, G. 1875. Descrizione di Pompei, p. 55-56 (worldcat)
n.d. 1865-1869. GiornSc, n.s. 1 , cols. 185-187 (where the address is given as I.ii)
Jashemski, W.F. 1993. Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Vol. II, Appendices, p. 27 (worldcat)
Matz, F. 1869. BdI, p. 240-241
Niccolini, F. Le case ed i monumenti di Pompeii, Naples, Vol. II, p. 78
Niccolini, F. Le case ed i monumenti di Pompeii, Naples, Vol. IV, plate 32
Maiuri, A. 1939. NSc, pp. 168-169
Sogliano, A., 1879. Le pitture murali campane scoverte negli anni 1867-79. Napoli: Giannini, p. 204, no. 604
Warscher, T. 1937-1957. Codex Topographicus Pompeianus (worldcat), nos. 44-50

Places

Excavation Dates

Excavated c.1868.

I.3.24 House of Capella

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

Garden

Peristyle garden to the rear of a domestic property.

Garden Description

At the rear of the house, excavated in 1868, there was a peristyle garden with a portico supported by three brick columns on the east and north sides. The south wall had a lararium painting and a crude animal painting on one corner of the south garden wall. This had been executed in the manner of a topiary painting according to the excavators, who reported a lion consuming a deer, below which there was a dog pouncing on a hare. A good view of the garden was obtained through the triclinium on the north.

Bibliography

Boyce, G.K. 1937. Corpus of the Lararia of Pompeii, p. 24, no.261 (worldcat)
Fiorelli, G. 1860. Giornale degli scavi di Pompei, pp. 74, 150, no. 456 (worldcat)
Fiorelli, G. 1875. Descrizione di Pompei, pp. 56-57 (worldcat)
Jashemski, W.F. 1993. Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Vol. II, Appendices, pp. 28, 313 (worldcat)
Matz, F. 1869. BdI, pp. 239-240
Niccolini, F. Le case ed i monumenti di Pompeii, Naples, Vol. II, p. 78
Schefold, n.d. WandP, p. 13
Sogliano, A., 1879. Le pitture murali campane scoverte negli anni 1867-79. Napoli: Giannini, p. 225, no. 705
Warscher, T. 1937-1957. Codex Topographicus Pompeianus (worldcat), nos. 54

Places

Excavation Dates

Excavated c.1868.

I.3.25

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

Garden

Peristyle garden in a domestic property with a viridarium to the rear.

Garden Description

A. This house had an irregular plan and a small peristyle garden enclosed on three sides by a low masonry wall. The wall was topped by four stuccoed brick columns which supported the portico. The excavation in 1869-72 showed that restoration was in progress at the time of the eruption. Inside the triclinium a small marble head of Bacchus from a herm (Mus. Naz. inv. no. 110 653) was found as well as a small marble ram (Mus. Naz. inv. no. 120 357), both probably garden decorations.

B. The viridarium lay across the entire width of the house to the rear. The west (rear) of the peristyle garden was completely open to the viridarium.

Bibliography

Döhl, H. 1976. Plastik aus Pompeji, Habilitationsschrift, Göttingen, p. 1
Fiorelli, G. 1860. Giornale degli scavi di Pompei, p. 74
Fiorelli, G. 1875. Descrizione di Pompei, p. 57 (worldcat)
Fiorelli, G. 1870-1873. GiornSc, n.s. 2, col. 461
Jashemski, W.F. 1993. Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Vol. II, Appendices, p. 28 (worldcat)
Niccolini, F. Le case ed i monumenti di Pompeii, Naples, Vol. II, p. 78
Trendelenberg, A. 1871. BdI, p. 172
Warscher, T. 1937-1957. Codex Topographicus Pompeianus (worldcat)

Places

Excavation Dates

Excavated 1869.

I.3.3 House of Epidius Fortunatus

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

Garden

Peristyle gardens in the House of Epidius Fortunatus.

Garden Description

A. On the right of the tablinum were ten steps that led to the peristyle garden. A portico enclosed the garden on the west, north and east sides. This was supported by ten columns and two engaged columns which were stuccoed brick painted red. The north, east, and west edges of the garden had a gutter. There were two cistern openings, according to Mau, one located in the northeast corner of the garden with a tufa puteal and the other in the corresponding corner of the portico. Water emptied at the northeast corner from the gutter into the cistern and into the street at the southeast and southwest corners. An aqueduct pipe came out of the first column, (counting from the south on the west portico), and ran between the gutter and the portico. The pipe rose, supported from the second column on the west side, to spurt a jet of water in the gutter. Flanking the west and the north porticoes, it disappeared going to the northwest. On the west side it was possible in two places to let water flow into the gutter by a widening of the pipe. The gutter had openings to the gardens at these two points to serve as watering outlets. There were keys before and after the widen pipe sections to control the flow of water. Two branches of this pipe entered a room off the northwest corner of the peristyle where there was a basin.

B. The front of this house excavated in 1869 had an unusual design in that it was set back some distance from the street. The peristyle garden was entered at the end of the entranceway at the rear of a long angiprotus (alleyway). Rooms of the house were located at the right and rear of the garden. The peristyle) had undergone various changes and was supported on the east and north by tall tufa columns. The portico roof on the west was supported by two low brick columns and two pilasters surmounted by arches. A low wall enclosed the garden, joining the columns either side of the entrance between the two columns to the west. A terracotta puteal was adjacent to the west wall along with a hearth covered with a small vault decorated with a rough, bearded head supposed to be Vulcan. A large window on the south wall gave a view from the exedra into the garden. The east peristylewall contained a lararium niche and a gutter ran along the north, east, and west edges of the garden.

Bibliography

Boyce, G.K. 1937. Corpus of the Lararia of Pompeii, p. 24, no.22 (worldcat)
Fiorelli, G. 1860. Giornale degli scavi di Pompei, p. 72 (worldcat)
Fiorelli, G. 1875. Descrizione di Pompei, p. 52-53 (worldcat)
GiornSc, n.s., 1868-1869, col.300-301
Jashemski, W.F. 1993, Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Vol. II, Appendices, p. 26 (worldcat)
Niccolini, F. Le case ed i monumenti di Pompeii, Naples, Vol. II, p. 78
Warscher, T. 1937-1957. Codex Topographicus Pompeianus, nos.16-21 (worldcat)

Places

Excavation Dates

Excavated 1873.

I.3.30

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

Garden

Peristyle garden in a domestic property.

Garden Description

This small house, excavated in 1872, had no atrium and the peristyle garden was to the right of the north end of the entrance passageway. A portico enclosed the garden on the west, north, and part of the south sides. Part of the portico had been closed to make rooms. Paintings of amorini decorated the peristyle with two little busts that may have been portraits of the owners. A lararium painting and an arched niche were located in the west wall of the peristyle. A small marble column with bas-relief of foliage most likely served as garden decoration.

Bibliography

Boyce, G.K. 1937. Corpus of the Lararia of Pompeii, p. 24, no.29 (worldcat)
Fiorelli, G. 1860. Giornale degli scavi di Pompei, p. 75
Fiorelli, G. 1875. Descrizione di Pompei, p. 60 (worldcat)
Fiorelli, G. 1870-1873. GiornSc, n.s. 2, col. 462
Jashemski, W.F. 1993. Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Vol. II, Appendices, p. 28 (worldcat)
Mau, A. 1874. BdI, pp. 185-186
Niccolini, F. Le case ed i monumenti di Pompeii, Naples, Vol. II, p. 49
Trendelenberg, A. 1871. BdI, p. 172
Warscher, T. 1937-1957. Codex Topographicus Pompeianus (worldcat)

Places

Excavation Dates

Excavated 1869

I.4.11 Caupona of Copious

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

Garden

Garden at the rear of the Caupona of Copious.

Garden Description

This modest caupona had a garden at the rear that was raised one step higher than the rest of the building. It once had a masonry altar with a lararium painting above but both of these have been lost. A latrine was located at the southeast corner of the garden.

Bibliography

Boyce, G.K. 1937. Corpus of the Lararia of Pompeii, p. 25, no.31 (worldcat) (incorrectly calls the garden a room)
Fiorelli, G. 1860. Giornale degli scavi di Pompei, p. 68
Fiorelli, G. 1875. Descrizione di Pompei, p. 66 (worldcat)
Jashemski, W.F. 1979. Garden of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius, p. 171 (worldcat)
Jashemski, W.F. 1993. Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Vol. II, Appendices, p. 32 (worldcat)
Schefold, K. and Dräyer, W. 1956. Pompeji, p. 17 (also incorrectly calls the garden a room)

Places

Excavation Dates

Excavated 1853 and 1863.

I.4.2

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

Garden

Peristyle garden in a domestic property with a viridarium to the rear.

Garden Description

This peristyle garden had two entrances on the west and the south. It was located at the rear of the tablinum and had a portico on the west and south enclosed by a low wall and supported by columns. At the west entrance there was a cistern. A large window that looked out into the garden located in the triclinium was framed by two engaged columns.

Bibliography

Fiorelli, G. 1860. Giornale degli scavi di Pompei, p. 65
Fiorelli, G. 1875. Descrizione di Pompei, p. 60 (worldcat)
Jashemski, W.F. 1993. Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Vol. II, Appendices, p. 29 (worldcat)
Niccolini, F. Le case ed i monumenti di Pompeii, Naples, Vol. II, p. 79

Places

Excavation Dates

Excavated 1869.

I.4.22

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

Garden

Garden with a triclinium at the rear of a domestic property.

Garden Description

Directly to the rear of the atrium, a small viridarium with a paved space (1.70 x 2.50m) behind it suggested use as a summer triclinium to Fiorelli. Soprano was certain that there was an outdoor triclinium of wood or other material located here.

Bibliography

Fiorelli, G. 1860. Giornale degli scavi di Pompei, p. 69
Fiorelli, G. 1875. Descrizione di Pompei, p. 68 (worldcat)
Jashemski, W.F. 1993. Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Vol. II, Appendices, p. 32 (worldcat)
Niccolini, F. Le case ed i monumenti di Pompeii, Naples, Vol. II, p. 80
Soprano, P. 1950, 'I triclini all'aperto di Pompei', In Pompeiana, raccolta di studi per il secondo centenario degli scavi di Pompei, Napoli, Gaetano Macchiaroli, Editore, p. 308, no.36
Schefold, K. and Dräyer, W. 1956. Pompeji, p. 307, no. 29 (also incorrectly calls the garden a room)

Places

Excavation Dates

Excavated 1858 and 1862.

I.4.5/25 House of the Citharist

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

Garden

House of the Citharist (also known as the Casa Del Citarista, House of L. Popidius Secundus Agustianus, and L. Popidus Ampliatus), a domestic property with peristyle gardens.

Garden Description

A. Excavation took place at this large house intermittently form 1853 to 1869. There were three large parallel, adjacent gardens. A portico, supported by seventeen stuccoed columns made of brick and Sarno limestone, enclosed the center garden. The columns were red, fluted at the top and plain at the bottom. A gutter went around the perimeter of the garden. A semicircular basin was located at the west end of the garden around which six spectacular bronze animals were discovered in 1861. The bronzes were as follows: a boar with a fountain spouting from its mouth (0.56m high; Mus. Naz. inv. no. 4900); two dogs (0.51 and 0.25m. high; for boar and dogs); a leaping stag with no trace of fountain fittings (0.61m high; Mus. Naz. inv. no. 4902; Reusch no. 823); a lion with an open mouth, possibly for a fountain, which originally stood on his hind legs (0.39m high; Mus. Naz. inv. no. 4897; Reusch no. 820); a serpent with a spout in its mouth (0.51m high; Mus. Naz. inv. no. 4898; Reusch no. 822). The Museo Nazionale was said to have preserve the original placements of the statues. After careful study of this Dwyer concluded that the boar would have stood on the projecting spur of the fountain basin with the dogs attacking his from either side of the rim. The leaping lion would have been next to them and the serpent to their right. The stag would have stood on the rim of the basin at the extreme left. The entire group could have been seen from the large room opening off the west portico, which was lacking one column to facilitate the view (Eschebach incorrectly included this column on his plan). Two double herms, each representing Bacchus and Ariadne, were found at the edge of the basin. Dwyer was not able to locate these. There eleven marble oscilla, six circular ones (tondi) (Mus. Naz. inv. nos. 6551, 6642, 6646, 6652, formerly 6667 but now at Pompeii, inv. no. 20486, one with inv. no. unknown). Five had the shape of a pelta (Mus. Naz. inv. no. 6660, 6661, 6664, 6665, formerly 6658 but now at Pompeii, inv. no. 20489). These white marble oscillae each had an iron hook at the top, but no rod, which indicates that were suspended from the architrave between the columns by a cord. Dwyer suggests that the peltae were probably alternated with the round shields. One oscillum had a maenad on one side; the rest had a faun or satyr on each side. A large rectangular pool (3.50m wide x 10.80m long; 1.40m deep) was excavated in February 1926 by Maruri. Two high steps (0.45m and 0.40m) descended into the pool on the west side. A much smaller semicircular pool had been built around these steps and into the larger pool which had been filled with rubble. This was probably built after the earthquake when the entrance on the Via dell'Abbondanza was joined to the house. The cistern opening in the southwest corner of the garden had a lave puteal, but the one in the east portico had no puteal. To the northeast of garden there was a large room which contained garden representations painted on the black predella under both of the side panels on the south wall. These were recorded by Spinazzola in drawings.

B. The center peristyle was separated from the south peristyle by a long wall that had six windows and two doors. These offered a grand view into the southern peristyle. In an earlier period this peristyle must have been considered the most important component for each of the six windows corresponded to an intercolumniation in the southern peristyle. The twenty portico columns were fluted above, plain below, and faced with stucco over brick and Sarno limestone. The northeast corner had a portico with a marble puteal. This garden was bounded by a gutter and in this peristyle there was a white marble altar (0.255m high; Mus. Naz. inv. no. 110 022). The middle peristyle was supposedly where the famous bronze statue of Apollo playing a cithara (1.58m high with base; Mus. Naz. inv. no. 5630; Reusch no. 831) was found on November 8, 1853. It probably came from the southeast corner of the southern peristyle for the middle peristyle was not excavated until five years after the Apollo was found. Niccolini was the first to mistakenly report the location where the bronze was discovered. Maiuri thought that the Apollo may have been adapted as a lychnophoros. Several smaller rooms looked out over the garden as well as a large oecus on the east.

C. The north peristyle garden belonged originally to a house whose entrance was on the Via dell'Abbondanza. It was accessed by a flight of steps from the central peristyle which lies about two meters below. A portico surrounded this garden on the south, east, and most of the north sides. Between the two middle columns on the east side there was a travertine puteal. A large exedra proceeded by a vestibule offered a view of the garden from the west, as did the triclinium from the east. The columns were made of brick and Sarno sandstone and faced with stucco, just like the ones in the central peristyle. They were unfluted except the ones opposite the entrances to the large exedra, the triclinium, and the atrium to the north. A gutter surrounded the garden.

Bibliography

Breton, E. 1855. Plan of Pompeii, pp. 481, 489-490, 492
Brun, R. 1863. BdI, p. 91-93
Döhl, H. 1976. Plastik aus Pompeji, Habilitationsschrift, Göttingen, p. 2-3
Dwyer, E.J. 1981. Pompeian Domestic Sculpture. A Study of Five Pompeians Houses and their Contents, pp. 79-81, 82-84, 88-89, 107-108
Dwyer, E.J. 1982. Pompeian Oscilla Collections, pp. 261-264, nos. 1-11
Elia. 1937. Mon. Pitt. Ant, In Pompeii 1, sec. 3, p. 4, fig. 3
Fiorelli, G. 1860. Giornale degli scavi di Pompei, pp. 66-67, 387-388, 392-394, 397, 399-400 and plate 165, no. 182-183
Fiorelli, G. 1863. Giornale dei Soprastanti, pp. 658-688 (see also Fiorelli, G. 1859)
Fiorelli, G. 1875. Descrizione di Pompei, p. 62 (worldcat)
Jashemski, W.F. 1979. Garden of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius, pp. 21-22 and figs. 28-29 (worldcat)
Jashemski, W.F. 1993. Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Vol. II, Appendices, p. 29-30, 32-33, 394 (worldcat)
Kapossy, B. 1969. Brunnenfiguren der hellenistischen und romischen Zeit, Zurich, p. 48, 51-52 (worldcat)
Lugebil, K. J. 1861. BdI, p. 240
Maiuri, A. 1926. BdA, p. 350
Maiuri, A. 1939. NSc, pp. 575-576
Mau, A. 1907. Pompeii: It's life and art, pp. 359-361 and fig. 179 on p. 360
Minervini. 1853. Bull.Arch.Nap., 2, p. 65
Niccolini, F. Le case ed i monumenti di Pompeii, Naples, Vol. II, p. 79
Niccolini, F. Le case ed i monumenti di Pompeii, Naples, Vol. III, p. 8 and plate 5
Overbeck, J. and Mau, A. 1884. Pompeji in seinen Gebäuden, pp. 363-366, 544-545
PPP, 1, p. 10
PAH, 1853. 2, pp. 583, 586-587
PAH, 1858. pp. 671-673
PAH, 1859. 2, pp. 685-688
PAH, 1868. pp. 670
Pernice, E. and Winter, F. 1925, Gefässe und Geräthe aus BronzeDie Hellenistische Kunst in Pompeii, 5, pp. 14, 30 and plates 8.2, 19.4
Schefold, K. and Dräyer, W. 1956. Pompeji, p. 15
Vittorio Spinazzola, 1910-1923, Pompei alla luce degli Scavi Nuovi di Via dell'Abbondanza, figs. 646-647 on p. 654, no. 336
Van Buren, A.W. 1932. MAAR 10, plates 1-2
Ward-Perkins, J. and Claridge, A. 1976. Pompeii A.D. 79, no. 83

Places

Excavation Dates

Excavated 1853-1861, 1868, 1872 and 1929.

I.4.9

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

Garden

Viridarium garden in a domestic property.

Garden Description

This garden contains a cistern opening and form the entrance a viridarium at the rear of the tablinum and a niche lararium are clearly visible.

Bibliography

Boyce, G.K. 1937. Corpus of the Lararia of Pompeii, p. 24, no.30 (worldcat)
Fiorelli, G. 1860. Giornale degli scavi di Pompei, p. 68
Fiorelli, G. 1875. Descrizione di Pompei, p. 66 (worldcat)
Jashemski, W.F. 1993. Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Vol. II, Appendices, p. 34 (worldcat)
Niccolini, F. Le case ed i monumenti di Pompeii, Naples, Vol. II, p. 79

Places

Excavation Dates

Excavated 1855 and 1861.

I.5.2 Officina Coriarioum of M. Vesonius Primus

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Insula V

Keywords

Garden

Officina Coriariorum of M. Vesonius Primus (tannery) with a peristyles (Roman courtyards) garden and large open space to the rear.

Keywords

Garden Description

A. This tannery was excavated in 1873-1874. The peristyle courtyard had a portico to the north and east supported by brick pillars which had been most likely been built when the original house was converted to a tannery. Against the west wall there was a masonry triclinium (l.medius 4.99 m.; l.summus and l.imus 4.96 m.; table, 1.78 x 0.93 m.). The top of the triclinium table held the famous mosaic of a skull (0.45 x 0.50 m. Mus. Naz. inv. no. 109 982;; Reusch no. 163). The mosaic representing the Epicurian philosophy features a large skull over a butterfly on a wheel representing the soul and time. On either side of the skull are the possessions of both the rich and poor with a plumb line hanging over the skull indicating the equalizing power of death. The northeastern part of the courtyard was a rectangle, the north side of which was formed by the three first intercolumniations counting from the northeast corner of the north portico, and the east side by the first two intercolumniations counting from the same corner. This area was paved with opus signinum. The little area around the triclinium between the paved area and the west wall was believed to be a garden according to Mau.

B. The south half of the insula was also excavated in 1873-74. It was accessed from the back door in the peristyle garden of the tannery by descending six steps. This was a large open area that had been cleared of previous structures. Formerly there had been five doors in the south wall leading to the pomerium but these were closed up. This area could have been used as a kitchen garden as suggested by Tatiana Warscher or for drying leather as suggested by Viola.

Dates

Excavated 1873-1874.

Bibliography

Brendel, O. 1934. "Untersuchungen zur Allegorie des pompejanischen Totenkopfmosaiks," RM (1934), pp 157-179.
Fiorelli, G. 1875. Descrizione di Pompei, pp. 452-453. (worldcat), p. 452. (worldcat)
GiornSc, n.s., 3 (1874-1877), col. 93.
Jashemski, W.F. 1979. Garden of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius, fig. 268 on p. 181 and p. 198. (worldcat)
Jashemski, W.F. 1993. Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Vol. II, Appendices, p. 33. (worldcat)
Mau, BdI (1874), pp. 272-275.
Mau, A. 1907. Pompeii: It's life and art, pp. 398-399.
Niccolini, F. Le case ed i monumenti di Pompeii, Naples, Vol. II, p. 48 (mosaic).
Niccolini, F. Le case ed i monumenti di Pompeii, Naples, Vol. IV, pp. 1-2.
Sogliano, A. 1879. Le pitture murali campane scoverte negli anni 1867-79, cols. 9-10, 49 and pl. 2.
Soprano, P. 1950, 'I triclini all'aperto di Pompei', In Pompeiana, raccolta di studi per il secondo centenario degli scavi di Pompei, Napoli, Gaetano Macchiaroli, Editore, p. 294, no. 3.
Viola, L. 1879. Gli scavi di Pompei dal 1873 al 1878, p. 15
Warscher, T. 1937-1957. Codex Topographicus Pompeianus, plate 32

Places

I.5.3/16

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Insula V

Garden

Hospitium garden, possibly planted in antiquity.

Keywords

Garden Description

This site had been destroyed in antiquity and probably had been a hospitium. Excavated in 1874, the remains of a watering trough for animals and a stable were uncovered. Often demolished sites were planted but it could not be determined if there was vegetation present at the time of the eruption. The west wall contained an arched lararium niche.

Dates

Excavated 1874.

Bibliography

Boyce, G.K. 1937. Corpus of the Lararia of Pompeii, p. 25, no. 34.
Fiorelli, G. 1875. Descrizione di Pompei, pp. 452-453. (worldcat)
Jashemski, W.F. 1993. Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Vol. II, Appendices, p. 33. (worldcat)
Viola, L. 1879. Gli scavi di Pompei dal 1873 al 1878, p. 16.

Places

I.6.11 Casa Dei Quadretti Teatralli; House of the Calavii; Casa di Casca Longus

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

Garden

Casa Dei Quadretti Teatralli; House of the Calavii; Casa di Casca Longus.

Garden Description

A partially completed wall joined the columns supporting the portico at the rear of this house. Next to this was a small garden which was in an extreme state of ruin at the time of excavation due to the weakening of the wine cellar vaults below. The vaults had openings to admit light and air for the wine ageing and a cistern was also located under the garden. On the portico to the east there was a large terra-cotta puteal. A room on the south end of the east portico contains a garden representation on the west wall. Barely a third of the representation survived and what remains is extremely faded. It is painted in yellow on a small dark green panel in the center of a red wall and shows a pergola with a lattice fences extending from both sides and a section of fence in front.

Dates

Excavated 1912, 1926 to 1927.

Bibliography

Jashemski, W.F. 1993. Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Vol. II, Appendices, pp. 36, 395. (worldcat). Maiuri, A. 1929. NSc, pp. 414-415 and fig. 26 on p. 401.

Places

I.6.13 House of Stallus Eros

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

Garden

House of Stallus Eros.

Garden Description

At the rear of this house a masonry wall surrounded the small garden which was undergoing extensive repairs at the time of the eruption. A lararium niche was located on the east wall and the rear wall held remnants of a garden painting. This painting was evidently in poor condition at the time of the eruption. Maiuri mentions the painting in his excavation report: "una grande parete dipinta con una pittura di paesaggio." A detailed description is given by Della Corte who stated that the viridarium was given the illusion of enlargement by the paintings of woodland trees and flowering plants. He reported the usual lattice fence painted in the foreground with a tetrastyle pavilion and a statue of a winged female sphinx painted at each end of the fence. Oscilla were painted to appear to hang from the upper border of the large wall. A painting of Orpheus charming the beasts was barely visible on the right side of the wall. Seated on a dark red cloak between gigantic rocks in a landscape, his lyre against his leg, a variety of animals approached him. A section of the painting that survived on the right depicted a peacock, a goose, a cock, a wild boar, and a large black guinea hen. The painting was photographed at the time of excavation in 1929 (Mus. Naz. negative C/1614). Jashemski examined this site in 1964 and found part of a narrow panel still visible to the right of the large panel, although covered by vines. This panel was separated from the rest by a dark vertical stripe. At the bottom a lattice fencehad daisy-like flowers growing through it, with both rounded and pointed petals. Above the fence two roughly painted cypress trees (Cupressus sempervirens L.) flank several bushes which are not Acacia vera as suggested by Grimal. Jashemski notes that Grimal wrote his description on the basis of one sentence of Maiuri and the Museo Nazionale photograph included in Maiuri's report. He also had Warscher's photograph of the sphinx detail from the large panel but could not identify where it was located in the large panel. Jashemski also speculated that it was likely there had been an identical narrow panel on the other side of the large panel, but all the plaster had fallen leaving no trace of decorations. The best preserved section of the painting that Jashemski found was a large bush painted on the left side of the large panel. The bush could not be identified by the form of the fruit and/or flowers but perched in the bush was a crudely depicted owl identified as Athene noctua (Scopoli, 1769) by way of its big head and hefty legs. Another bird was painted on a higher branch to the right which may have been a thrush. Another bush just below and to the right edge of the painting and a large cypress to the right of the bush with the owl was shown in the Museo Nazionale (negative C/1614).

Dates

Excavated 1926 and 1927.

Bibliography

Boyce, G.K. 1937. Corpus of the Lararia of Pompeii, p. 25, no. 38.
de Vos, M. 1977. Meded, 39, p. 39.
Della Corte, M. NSc (1914), p. 269.
Grimal, P. 1969. Les jardins romaines, p. 446, no. 3. (worldcat)
Jashemski, W.F. 1993. Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Vol. II, Appendices, pp. 36, 313-314. (worldcat).
Maiuri, A. 1929. NSc, pp. 434, fig. 44 (plan) on p. 432 and fig. 45.
PPP, 1, p. 39.
Schefold, K. and Dräyer, W. 1956. Pompeji, p. 26.

Places

I.6.15 House of L. Ceius Secundus; House of the Ceii; of Queen Elena; of Fabia and Tyrannus

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

Garden

House of L. Ceius Secundus; House of the Ceii; of Queen Elena; of Fabia and Tyrannus.

Garden Description

This small garden was located at the rear of the house and featured a portico on part of the south side and a gutter along the south and east sides which carried water to the cistern. Preserved on the rear wall was one of the best animal paintings found in Pompeii, with three large openings provided in the painting to accommodate garden lights. On either side of the animal painting at the lower part of the wall is a garden painting with a sphinx crouching in oleanders with dark red blossoms holding a fountain basin. The fountain on the right would appear to pour water into the actual gutter below. A realistic border of myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) and ivy (Hedera helix L.) is painted along the bottom of the wall with birds flying across a red background. Just above this, branches of ivy are painted along the bottom of an expansive wild animal scene. A bull is being pursued by a lion across a rocky lake shore on the lower foreground, wolves and wild boars occupy the center of the picture on the opposite shore, on the right a leopard is chasing two rams, and two gazelles are painted on the left. Brackets for garden lights had been installed where three large holes remained in this animal painting. The outside walls of the apotheca (storeroom) on the southwest corner of the garden had painted garden motifs. There was a garden scene painted on a reddish background depicting a statue of a water nymph with a two handled basin appearing to catch water from the roof and directing it to the gutter below. To the left are bushes with a tawny owl (Strix aluco L.) and to the right is a white pigeon or rock dove (Columba livia Gmelin). Over this was a panel with two peacocks (Pavo cristatus L.) facing a bronze garden ornament that consists of a leafy stalk topped by a round shield. Flowering plants fill in the bottom while the top of the panel is graced with two garlands and two flying birds, a swallow (Hirundo rustica L.) on the left and a large headed bird on the right which could be a shrike (Lanius sp.) Although the outside wall of the apotheca was badly damaged, to the right of the window paintings of a bush with red blossoms and a myrtle bush on a yellow background survived. The east and west walls were decorated with large Egyptian landscapes. Another garden decoration, a marble dove (0.29 m. long) was found in the kitchen.

Dates

Excavated 1913.

Bibliography

Jashemski, W.F. 1979. Garden of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius, pp. 69-70, 113 and fig 43, 111-114. (worldcat)
Jashemski, W.F. 1993. Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Volume 2, Appendices, p. 315. (worldcat)
Jashemski, W.F. 2002. The Natural History of Pompeii, p. 37.(worldcat)
Maiuri, A. 1926. Boll. D'Arte, n.s., p. 69, fig. 112.
Peters, Landscape, pp. 172-173. (worldcat)
PPP, pp. 43-44.
Schefold, K. and Dräyer, W. 1956. Pompeji, p. 9.
Spinazzola, V. 1910-1923. Pompei alla luce degli Scavi Nuovi di Via dell'Abbondanza, pp. 407-418 and figs. 467-478, 481 on pp.409-416, 418.
Spinazzola, Scavi nuovi, pp. 275-277, fig. 282 (plan) on p. 258, and figs. 304, 306, and 307 on pp. 275-277. (worldcat)
Zanker, P. 1998. Pompeii: Public and Private Life, pp. 477-480.

Places

I.6.2 House of the Cryptoporticus; Casa Del Crirtoportico; Casa Omerica; House of T. Lucretius Carus

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

Garden

House of the Cryptoporticus; Casa Del Crirtoportico; Casa Omerica; House of T. Lucretius Carus.

Garden Description

A. A passageway from the atrium led to a modest peristyle garden visible through a window in the rear wall. A low wall enclosed the garden on the north and east sides along with five brick columns covered with white stucco and a pillar supporting the roof of the portico. A large, well preserved wall painting survived on the west wall of the north portico as well as a niche lararium decorated with a painted bust of Mercury. From the garden a flight of stairs led down to an elegant cryptoporticus (underground portico) illuminated by light from the adjacent garden through high windows. A solarium terrace, or loggia, overlooking the large garden could be reached by another flight of stairs form the east portico.

B. At the rear of the house, a large enclosed garden had been increased in size by reducing the wings of the cryptoporticus. The last owner had built a spacious loggia (5 x 20 m.) above the north wing of the cryptoporticus overlooking the garden. A high wall joined the five pillars and the roof supporting pilaster and formed windows into the garden. At the west end of the loggia was a masonry triclinium with side couches, each having a fulcrum (foot), (l. medius 4.41m.; l.summus and l. imus 4.68 m.; dia. of table 0.55m.). A large area was left open for tables or dancers, suggesting to Spinoza that this could have been a public gathering place. There were low seats in front of the side couches and extended along the terrace walls that may have been intended for children according to Soprano. A kitchen was located on the north side of the loggia. Six steps from the southeast corner of the loggia led up into the garden which had been raised to the level of the windows in the cryptoporticus. Della Corte thought that this garden had been used to raise many cabbages and leeks. The remains of eleven victims of the volcanic eruption were found in the garden.

Dates

Excavated 1911-1929.

Bibliography

Della Corte, M. NSc (1914), pp. 74-75, 228.
Fiorelli, G. 1875. Descrizione di Pompei, pp. 452-453. (worldcat)
Jashemski, W.F. 1993, Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Vol. II, Appendices, pp. 33-34. (worldcat)
Maiuri, A. 1933. NSc, pp. 256, 258-259, 272 and pl. 5 (plan).
Prina Ricotti, S.P. Cucine Romana a Pompei E Come Eseguirle, pp. 268-271.
Soprano, P. 1950, 'I triclini all'aperto di Pompei', In Pompeiana, raccolta di studi per il secondo centenario degli scavi di Pompei, Napoli, Gaetano Macchiaroli, Editore, pp. 294-295, no. 4 and fig. 30. (worldcat)
Spinazzola, V. 1914. NSc, pp. 256, 259-262, 287, 365-368.
Spinazzola, V. 1910-1923, Pompei alla luce degli Scavi Nuovi di Via dell'Abbondanza, pp. 121-122, 442, 444-445, 451, 453. (worldcat)
Viola, L. 1879. Gli scavi di Pompei dal 1873 al 1878, p. 16.

Places

I.6.4 House of the Lararium; Casa del Larario; Sabello Iliaco

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

Garden

House of the Lararium; Casa del Larario; Sabello Iliaco.

Garden Description

A small garden was located at the rear of the tablinum accessed by a passageway from the atrium. A small pool (0.70 m. deep) was centered in the garden enclosed by a crudely built double wall with a space in between for flowers. At the time of the eruption the house was undergoing extensive repairs.

Dates

Excavated 1873-1874.

Bibliography

Della Corte, M. 1913. NSc, pp. 356-357 and fig. 1 on p.356. (worldcat)
Jashemski, W.F. 1993. Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Vol. II, Appendices, p. 35. (worldcat).
Spinazzola, V. 1910-1923. Pompei alla luce degli Scavi Nuovi di Via dell'Abbondanza, pp. 446 and fig. 493 (plan) on p. 433.

Places

I.6.7 Fullonica of Stephanus

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

Garden

Fullonica of Stephanus; Fullery of Stephanus.

Garden Description

This house had been converted to a fullery and the small peristyle garden to the rear probably served as a drying area. Five pillars of the portico were connected by a low, marble topped wall. This enclosed the raised garden on the east, north and west sides with a deep gutter running around the garden along the wall.

Dates

Excavated 1912.

Bibliography

Jashemski, W.F. 1979. Garden of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius, p. 198. (worldcat)
Jashemski, W.F. 1993. Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Vol. II, Appendices, p. 35. (worldcat).
Moeller, W.O. 1976. The Wool Trade of Ancient Pompeii, p. 42. (worldcat)
Spinazzola, V. 1910-1923. Pompei alla luce degli Scavi Nuovi di Via dell'Abbondanza, pp. 446 and fig. 493 (plan) on p. 773 and fig. 744 (plan) on p. 765.

Places

I.6.8-9

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

Garden

Shop property with peristyle garden and doghouse.

Garden Description

This modest house had rooms opening off the small peristyle garden at the rear of the structure. The rooms had been remodeled to serve as a shop and at the time of the eruption, were in disrepair. Four columns, two of tufa, two of brick, supported the peristyle portico on the north and east sides and were connected by a low wall with an entrance to the garden on the east side. A terra-cotta puteal was located on the east side of the portico. The house to the rear was completely destroyed necessitated the building of a crude doghouse in the last intercolumniation on the east side. Keeping a dog would have prevented intruders from entering through the ruins and robbing the shop as well as the adjacent house (no. 11) where the shopkeeper most likely resided.

Dates

Excavated 1912, 1926-27. Bombed in 1943.

Bibliography

Jashemski, W.F. 1993. Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Vol. II, Appendices, p. 35. (worldcat).
Maiuri, A. 1929. NSc, pp. 393-395 and fig. 26 on p. 401.
Pernice, E. and Winter, F. 1925, Gefässe und Geräthe aus BronzeDie Hellenistische Kunst in Pompeii, p. 32 and plate 21.1.

Places

I.7.1 House of P. Paquius Proculus; House of C. Cuspius Pansa

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

Garden

House of P. Paquius Proculus; House of C. Cuspius Pansa.

Garden Description

This elegant house was excavated in 1923. To the rear was a large and sunny peristyl garden with a portico on four sides supported by sixteen columns. At the northeast corner stood a lava puteal with a gutter that ran around the edges of the garden. In the center of the garden a wooden triclinium was shaded by a pergolas supported by four columns. The nails and the imprint of the wooden structure of the triclinium were clearly preserved. A marble faced rectangular pool, with an apse-shaped extension to the north and a fountain jet, was located in front of the triclinium. This pool was connected to a smaller marble basin between the couches of the triclinium. An excellent view of the garden was afforded from the large salon at the rear of the tablinum with two columns at the entrance of the portico. The oecus also opened on the north portico with a fine view of the garden and the loggia above had a view of the garden as well as views to the sea and the Lattari Mountains.

Dates

Excavated 1912, 1915, 1926 and 1936.

Bibliography

Jashemski, W.F. 1979. Garden of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius, pp. 92. (worldcat)
Jashemski, W.F. 1993. Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Volume 2, Appendices, pp. 37. (worldcat)
Maiuri, A. 1929. NSc, p. 386, and fig. 18 (plan of triclinium) on p. 387, and fig. 20 (plan) on p. 389.
Maiuri, A. 1971. Pompeii, pp. 100-101. (worldcat)
Pernice, E. and Winter, F. 1925, Gefässe und Geräthe aus BronzeDie Hellenistische Kunst in Pompeii, p. 13.
Soprano, P. 1950. 'I triclini all'aperto di Pompei', In Pompeiana, raccolta di studi per il secondo centenario degli scavi di Pompei, p. 307, no. 30.
Spinazzola, V. 1910-1923. Pompei alla luce degli Scavi Nuovi di Via dell'Abbondanza, p. 299 and fig. 334 (plan) on p. 297.
Warscher, T. 1937-1957. Codex Topographicus Pompeianus, appendix on water and photo no. 66.

Places

I.7.10-12/19 House of the Ephebe; Casa Dell'Efebo; House of P. Cornelius Teges (or Tages)

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

Garden

House of the Ephebe; Casa Dell'Efebo; House of P. Cornelius Teges (or Tages).

Garden Description

A. This house was made by combining several small houses. The upper garden had an unusual portico on the north with various diameter columns, plastered and painted red, and two pillars. A third column on a square base supported an extension of the portico, which was a step lower and formed by an extension of the vestibule at entrance 12. The triclinium, tablinum, and exedra on the upper level of the portico were protected from cold and rain by some sort of screen installed between the columns and the west pillar. Most scholars surmise these were wooden but Maiuri proposed that they were glass, although he did not find any glass fragments during excavation (window panes surviving from this period from other sites are on display at the Museo Archaeologico in Naples and in the deposito at Pompeii). Two steps below the portico was the garden. The back wall had a large animal painting and a small aedicules with a semicircular niche. A relief of Dianna and two deer adorned the front and inside a bronze statuette fountain of Pomona (0.38 m. high; Mus. Naz. inv. no. 144 276) stood holding a bivalve shell filled with fruit. Water jetted from the shell, down four marble steps and into the small square pool below. A marble covered channel divided the lectus medius of the triclinium in two parts and carried the water to a small jet in the center of the low triclinium table. Four large columns supported a vine-covered pergola that shaded the triclinium. The soil near the columns had root cavities, as reported by Maiuri, but no further details were recorded. This was the best preserved triclinium (l. medius, 4.60 m.; l. imus and l. summus 4.40 x 0.88 m.) in the entire city. Each couch had a marble faced step along the top, and on the sides of the triclinium was painted a series of Nilotic scenes. There were two complete paintings while the rest of the work comprised a continuous frieze. These scenes depicted Egyptian life that revolved around the periodic inundation of the Nile. Activities pictured included men fishing, a woman spinning under a canopy, worshipers visiting shrines (some shrines in enclosures, some with extensive gardens), banquet scenes, an erotic scene in a caupona, and a pigmy slave driving a coclea (water screw). Attached to each of the north columns of the pergolas was a low column (1.00 m. high) which most likely served as bases for statuette. In front and a little to the west of the lectus summus was a large masonry base (0.93 m. high; 0.685 m. in dia.) where Maiuri surmised that the famous bronze statue of the Ephebe stood. This statue (1.49 m. high; Mus. Naz. inv. no. 143 753) had been made into a gilded lamp stand holding candelabra brackets and was found in the atrium where it had been wrapped and placed for protection against the impending disaster. At either end of the portico was an additional pair of low circular bases for statuettes. Four broken marble statuettes were found in the triclinium] where they most likely were brought for protection or perhaps for repair after the earthquake. A statuette of Pan holding a fruit-filled calathos on his left shoulder and a ram's head in his right hand (0.60 m. high with base; Pompeii inv. no. 3682) was reconstructed from nineteen fragments. The white marble piece had been completely gilded. There was also an inebriated satyr of white marble, (the head was missing) sprawled on a gray marble rock and opening a wineskin (0.32 m. long; 0.27 m. high with base; Pompeii inv. no. 3684). Only the necklace, bracelet, and several other details were gilded on this piece. A completely gilded statuette of a deer suckling a fawn (0.35 m. long; 0.22 m. high; Pompeii inv. no. 3683) and the remains of a gray marble base with white marble goat feet of Pan standing on a scabellum, the typical instrument of satyrs (0.28 m. long; 0. 105 m. high; Pompeii inv. no. 3685) were found there. There were also four vulgar silver-plated statuettes of placentarii or pastry vendors (each with base, 0.255 m. high; Mus. Naz. inv. nos. 143 758, 143 759, 143 761, 143 761 bis). Each carried a silver tray which Maiuri surmised were used to hold food delicacies served at dinner parties in the garden triclinium. The statuettes as well as the delicacies were found stored together in the house. A trellis fence separated the triclinium from the eastern part of the garden. The trellis was supported by four slender marble posts and on top of these were four small sculptured heads (herms). These pieces were: an archaic style head of Zeus rendered in white marble (0.19 m. high) with traces of bright colors, an archaic bust of Hera (0.135 m. high), a head of a woman (0.145 m. high) carved in yellow marble, and a Bacchic head of a child made from red marble. A plain round table and a curved marble seat were found in the center of the garden. The excavation revealed soil arranged in furrows, as customary for vegetable gardens, and root cavities of small plants. Water was supplied to the garden by way of overflow channels from the triclinium fountain. A basin, with two terra-cotta openings which would regulate the flow of water to either half of the garden, was located at the edge of the garden. The south wall at the rear of the triclinium once had a large hunt scene, but the only surviving part was the lower register. To the left of the aedicules fountain the images of a large deer and a bird remain, and to the right a bull flees from an unidentified attacker. A feline is crouched under a large tree in the lower right and other trees are sketchily depicted in the background.

B. This peristyle garden was entered by way of seven steps from the garden of the House of the Ephebe. This part of the building had once been a separate house (19). A portico supported by seven columns, two of them engaged, enclosed the garden on the north and part of the east side. The columns were plastered masonry, painted white on the top and red on the bottom and each had a rectangular hole, 1.70 m. from the bottom, on the side in line with the other columns. It is speculated that these were for wooden beams that held privacy screens or mats which would shield the garden area from heat and cold. The intercolumniation in front of the exedra did not have these holes, as it offered a fine view on the garden. A lead pipe with a tap directed water from the garden above into a dolium near the corner column. The pipe attached to the column had been shaped to resemble a snake fountain. Nearby a cistern collected water from the channels on the portico roof and a puteal was located on the top of the cistern. East–west furrows were preserved in the soil and the south, west and part of the east wall of the garden had garden paintings. Two large niches were located in the north wall of the portico east of the garden steps and there was an arched niche in the west wall of the north portico. In the exedra off the north portico a broken herm of Dionysus (0.12 x 0.19), was found, which was possible a garden decoration. The walls of this peristyles (Roman courtyards) garden were painted with very fine garden paintings on part of the east wall and the other three sides. Slender painted columns complete with painted garlands suspended between them, created the appearance of extending the portico and divided the walls into panels. The excavators found the paintings had been badly damaged, the best preserved was the north panel on the west wall. This showed a slender marble crater-fountain on a decorated column standing in a semi-circular niche formed by a low lattice fence. A photograph taken at the time of excavation shows that behind the fence the bushes represented were myrtles with an oleander on the right. In the background there was a date palm with lower leaves trimmed and new growth showing. This palm was flanked by two laurel trees (Laurus nobilis L.). Various birds occupied the thickets and there was a bird perched on the fence, one on the rim of the fountain and one on one of the garlands. The center panel next to this was partially preserved and what remained was the painting of a shallow, round, bubbling fountain supported by three legs located in a three sided niche formed by the lattice fence. Again there were myrtles behind the fence with a slender cypress on the right. Traces of a date palm remain in the center background. The center of the south wall was occupied by a statuette of Venus standing on a circular base, although this had to be deduced from the part of the painting which survived, which only went knee high on the statue. A fragment of a narrow animal painting survived on the west wall above a garden painting.

C. Behind the tablinum, and seen from the entrance (no. 19), a small light well served as a garden. It was painted to represent a garden and the floor had been paved. The only surviving images were the usual fence with faint traces of oleander bushes and birds. Further traces indicated that a statuette of Venus standing on a marble base in an apsed niche in the lattice fence may have been represented on the east wall. The lattice fence on the north wall was painted to represent a rectangular niche. Water was piped from the garden above through the lower part of the rear wall and possible supplied a jet in the middle of the impluvium, as surmised by Maiuri.

Dates

Excavated 1912 and 1925.

Bibliography

Boyce, G.K. 1937. Corpus of the Lararia of Pompeii, p. 26, no. 41.
Chamoux, F. 1950. BCH p. 70-79.
Della Corte, M. Case ed abitanti di Pompei, pp. 317-318.
Döhl, H. 1976. Plastik aus Pompeji, Habilitationsschrift, Göttingen, pp. 4-5.
Jashemski, W.F. 1979. Garden of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius, pp. 50, 57, 92-93, 113 and figs. 145-149 on pp. 93-94. (worldcat)
Jashemski, W.F. 1993. Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Volume 2, Appendices, pp. 38-41, 316-317. (worldcat)
Kapossy, B. 1969, Brunnenfiguren der hellenistischen und römischen Zeit, p. 13.
Maiuri, A. 1925. "La raffigurazione del placentarius in quattro bronzetti pompeiani," In BdA, pp. 268-275.
Maiuri, A. 1926. "L'efebodi Via dell'Abbondanza a Pompei," In BdA, pp. 337-353.
Maiuri, A. 1939. NSc, pp. 49-68, 70-74, 370, fig 9 (plan) on p. 33, and pl. 20.
Maiuri, A. 1937. Monumenti della pittura antica scoperti in italia, sec. 3. (worldcat)
Maiuri, A. 1939. Pompeii, pp. 23-27, pls. 3-5, 20. (worldcat)
Goldicutt, J. and Norman Neuerburg, N. 2016. Specimens of Ancient Decorations from Pompeii, pp. 117-119, no. 18. PPP, p. 70.
Schefold, K. and Dräyer, W. 1956. Pompeji, p. 34.
Soprano, P. 1950, 'I triclini all'aperto di Pompei', In Pompeiana, raccolta di studi per il secondo centenario degli scavi di Pompei, Napoli, Gaetano Macchiaroli, Editore, p. 295, no. 5 and fig. 31 on p. 296.
Zanker, P. 1998. Pompeii: Public and Private Life, pp. 500-501.

Places

I.7.15-17 Shop-House

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

triclinia (rooms)AAT:300004359

Garden

Shop-House garden with an outdoor triclinium.

Garden Description

The shop-house was laid out in a very irregular manner and the garden took up most of the space. There was a masonry triclinium in the southern part of the garden. This had a lectus imus and a lectus summus that both were 3.80 m. in length and the lectus medius was 4.24 m. in length. The rectangular table measured 1.10 x 0.75 m.

Dates

Excavated 1868 and 1927.

Bibliography

Jashemski, W.F. 1993. Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Volume 2, Appendices, p. 41. (worldcat) Soprano, P. 1950. 'I triclini all'aperto di Pompei', In Pompeiana, raccolta di studi per il secondo centenario degli scavi di Pompei, p. 296, no. 6.

Places

I.7.18 Shop-House

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

Garden

Shop-House garden with pool and paintings.

Garden Description

Two paintings were found on the west wall of the atrium behind this shop, one was of a porticus villa on the sea and the second was a garden representation (o.16 x 0.43 m.). The garden was surrounded by a lattice fence which was drawn wider in the front than the rear and had a rectangular pool in front with ducks swimming.

Dates

Excavated 1926 and 1927. Restoration 2017.

Bibliography

Jashemski, W.F. 1993. Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Volume 2, Appendices, pp. 395. (worldcat)
Maiuri, A. 1939. NSc, p. 380, and fig. 14 on p. 381.
Schefold, K. and Dräyer, W. 1956. Pompeji, p. 35.

Places

I.7.2-3 House of M. Fabius Amandio; House of P. Cornelius Cornthus

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

Garden Description

A very small garden was located in the light well at the rear of the atrium. The small raised garden (about 0.50 m. high) had a tiny semicircular pool fed by roof water. Three marble bases (0.16 x 0.21 m.) were most likely place at the edge of the pool. A garden painting adorned the wall behind pool. This was the painting of a garden fence and a slender, footed fountain before it. The water jets have attracted a peacock and two small birds that are perched on the rim. The elaborate plant motif on the foot of the fountain suggested to Maiuri that the artist was depicting a bronze fountain rather than a marble one. A dense thicket painted behind the fence has small fruit, the blossom ends are clearly visible, with white myrtle blossoms mixed with the foliage. Jashemski differs with Maiuri's description of this as an oleander thicket with blossoms and berries; as she points out that oleander has elongated pods as opposed to round berries. The east wall was yellow with plants painted on it, but only the north panel survived, and nothing remains of the work on the west and north walls.

Dates

Excavated 1911 and 1923.

Bibliography

Della Corte, M. Case ed abitanti di Pompei, p. 313.
Grimal, P. Les jardins Romaines, p. 446, no. 4.
Jashemski, W.F. 1979. Garden of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius, p. 60 and fig. 97 on p. 60. (worldcat)
Jashemski, W.F. 1993. Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Volume 2, Appendices, p. 37. (worldcat)
Maiuri, A. 1927. NSc, pp. 8, 11 and fig. 1 (plan) on p. 4.
Maiuri, A. 1939. Pompeii, pp. 2, 112. (worldcat)
Maiuri, A. 1937. Monumenti della pittura antica scoperti in italia, sec. 3. (worldcat)
PPP, p. 55.
Schefold, K. and Dräyer, W. 1956. Pompeji, p. 30.
Spinazzola, V. 1910-1923. Pompei alla luce degli Scavi Nuovi di Via dell'Abbondanza, see large plan at back of book. (worldcat)
Warscher, T. 1942. Flora Pompeiana, p. 24.

Places

I.7.7 House of the Priest Amandus

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Province

Location

Location Description

An ancient city of Campania destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in A.D. 79, Pompeii was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Sublocation

Insula

Keywords

Gardens

House of the Priest Amandus.

Garden Description

One step above the level of the triclinium of this small house with an irregular floor plan was a peristyle garden. It was to the west of the atrium and enclosed on the north and east by a portico. Five columns supported the portico and two engaged columns on the west wall continued the order of the peristyle. A large tree root cavity (the cast measures 0.80 x 0.82) indicated that the garden was well shaded and nail holes in the wall would suggest that vines had been trained to grow in that area. A large window located in the room to the west gave a view into the garden. A puteal was located over the cistern opening in the northwest corner of the peristyle and another puteal was additionally found in the garden as well as a cartibulum (tables) decorated on one side with lions heads and a small circular base most likely used for a statuette. A lararia on the west wall consisted of an aedicules façade with an arched niche.

Dates

Excavated 1912 and 1924.

Bibliography

Boyce, G.K. 1937. Corpus of the Lararia of Pompeii, p. 25, no. 39.
Jashemski, W.F. 1979. Garden of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius, p. 30. (worldcat)
Jashemski, W.F. 1993. Gardens of Pompeii: Herculaneum and the villas destroyed by Vesuvius. Volume 2, Appendices, pp. 37-38. (worldcat)
Maiuri, A. 1939. NSc, pp. 26-27 and fig. 1 (plan) on p. 4.
Maiuri, A. 1939. Pompeii, p. 112. (worldcat)
Maiuri, A. 1961. "I giardini," In Le Vie d'Italia, p. 1138, no. 9.

Places

I.ii.15

Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 +0000

DUPLICATE!

This appears to be a duplicate of id/01eee45763 -KGJ

Location

Sublocation

Insula