Provinces:
253 gardens have been published:
Italia / Herculaneum / Insula or I / House 2-3

562.Insula or. I.2-3(B)

B. From the atrium the peristyle on the lower level was reached by way of a steeply sloping corridor. Stuccoed brick columns and a low wall 0.50 m. high enclosed the central area ...
Italia / Herculaneum / Insula or I / House 2-3

563.Insula or. I.2-3(C)

C. There are five rooms south of the peristyle and on a lower level beyond them is another garden (c). Plans Plan of the new excavations of Herculaneum (Maiuri, Herculaneum) ...
Italia / Herculaneum / Insula or I / House 2-3

564.Insula or. I.2-3(D)

D. A rustic shrine was attached to the north side of the house and a long narrow garden (d) was located here. There was evidence of earlier construction at this location. Plans ...
Achaea / Delos

Agora of the Italians

The Agora of the Italians, with a size of some 6,000 square meters, is situated prominently in the center of Delos, between the famous sanctuary of Apollo to the south and the ...
Achaea / Athens

Altar of the Twelve Gods

A grove of olive and laurel trees surrounding the Altar of the Twelve Gods in the Athenian Agora is mentioned in the late 1st century A.D. by the Roman writer Statius in his epic ...
Arabia Petraea / Babatha

Babatha's Orchard

Babatha's orchard is known only from its documentation in a collection of papyrus scrolls known as the "Babatha Archive" that was discovered in 1961 in the Cave of Letters near ...
Italia / Herculaneum / Insula VI / House 17

Casa del Colonnato Tuscanico (VI.17/26)

This house with an L-shaped floor plan had a peristyle garden (a) at the juncture of the two wings enclosed by a seventeen column portico. The garden entrance facing the large ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region II / Insula IX

Casa del Larario Fiorito (II.ix.4)

Excavated in the later 1980s, this property features a garden, described by Ciarallo as “laid out in eight ground strips bordered by furrows.” She interprets this layout as a ...
Italia / Herculaneum / Insula or I / House 2-3

Casa del Rivievo di Telefo (Insula or. I.2-3)

A. The excavation of this house in 1934-1936 revealed an unusual atrium arrangement, which Maiuri states is the first time the architectural scheme that is used in a peristyle ...
Italia / Herculaneum / Insula VI / House 13

Casa del Salone Nero (VI.13/11)

Excavation of this garden (a) to the rear of this elegant house took place in the spring of 1939. The garden was completely surround by a portico which had eight columns and two ...
Italia / Herculaneum / Insula or I / House 1

Casa della Gemma (Insula or. I.1)

A. This garden (a) is built partially into the edge of the hill and partially on vaults. A square opening enclosed by a high wall in the center of the garden supplies light to ...
Italia / Herculaneum / Insula VII

Casa di Galba (VII.2)

The excavation of this site was begun in 1873-1874 and is still incomplete. A silver bust, supposedly of the emperor Galba, found in the street in front of this house gave the ...
Italia / Rome / Regio IX Circus Flaminius

Divorum

The Divorum, also known as the Templum Divorum (Degrassi 13.1.103, 233) and the Porticus Divorum, was a porticus with two small temples built in honor of Titus and Vespasian by ...
Italia / Rome / Regio X Palatium

Domus Augustana

LOWER PERISTYLE The lower peristyles of the Domus Augustana, the private area of the Flavian Palace, was sumptuously decorated with a large fountain in the shape of four peltae (s...
Italia / Rome / Regio III Isis Et Serapis

Domus Aurea

Famous for its innovative architecture, the Domus Aurea contained equally impressive gardens. After the fire of 64 CE, Nero erected this monumental residence, replacing the ...
Italia / Rome / Regio X Palatium

Domus Flavia, Upper Peristyle and Nymphaea

UPPER PERISTYLE AND NYMPHAEA The grandiose Palace that the architect Rabirius built for Domitian when garden art was at its apex made an enormous impression on his contemporaries,...
Italia / Rome / Regio X Palatium

Domus Tiberiana

The remains of this domus, on the western part of the Palatine, are now under the Renaissance Farnese gardens. The Domus Tiberiana is first mentioned after the death of Nero: ...
Africa Proconsularis / Thuburbo Maius

East Temple (Temple de l'Est)

A strip of soil bordered most of the long sides of the temple and the mosaic paving in front of it (Plan view, Fig. 1). Preliminary excavations in 1990 in a strip 1m wide at the ...
Judaea / Ein Gedi

Ein Gedi Balsam Groves

### Maps Dates 6-135 CE Bibliography Patrich, J.,“A Juglet Containing Balsam Oil (?) from a Cave near Qumran,” Israel Exploration Journal 39 (1989):43-49 (worldcat) Sallon, S., ...
Italia / Ostia

Garden Houses (Case a Giardino)

The area in which these houses are situated was laid out as a residential area in c. 128 CE as part of the Hadrianic remodeling of Ostia (Fig. 1). It is delimited by buildings of ...
Achaea / Athens

Garden of Epicurus

In the 4th century B.C., the schools and gardens of the philosophers Plato, Aristotle, Theophrastos and Epicurus were built in the vicinity of the gymnasia in the suburbs of ...
Italia / Rome / Regio X Palatium

Garden of the Flavian Imperial Palace

During the period of Domitian (81-96 CE), a large artificial platform with massive substructures at the north, east and west was completed at the site of the Vigna Barberini. On ...
Italia / Rome / Regio X Palatium

Gardens of the Temple of Elagabalus

The building of a religious complex, identified by scholars as the Elagabalium (Heliogablium), later dedicated to Jupiter (Iupiter Ultor), was the final transformation in ...
Italia / Herculaneum / Insula or II

Great Palestra (Insula or. II.4)

The Palaestra was crossed by Burbon tunnels in 1756-1760 and partially excavated from 1933 to 1954. Carbonized remains of large tree trunks found in the southwest corner and ...
Achaea / Olympia

Guest House 1

A Roman guest house of the 2nd century A.D., so-called Guest House I, was erected southeast of the Roman Kladeos baths of ca. 100 A.D. (Fig. 3, A on plan). The guest house had a ...
Achaea / Olympia

Guest House 2

In the first third of the 3rd century A.D. another guest house, so-called Guest House II (B on plan), was built at Olympia, immediately east of and connected with Guest House I (s...
Achaea / Athens

Gymnasia and Groves

The three most famous gymnasia in Athens, situated outside the city in naturally well-watered and shady sanctuaries of pre-Classical date, were those in the suburbs. In the ...
Italia / Rome / Regio IX Circus Flaminius

Hercules Musarum

The Aedes Hercules Musarum was located in the southern Campus Martius. It was enclosed by the Porticus Philippi (61 x 92 m.) in the late Republican period. Known from several ...
Numidia / Thamugadi

Hermaphrodite House (Maison de l'Hermaphrodite)

The large house was laid out around a large peristyle of 22 columns. In the axis of the triclinium was a rectangular pool. The courtyard may have been planted (Plan view, Fig. 1)....
Judaea / Herodium

Herodium Herod’s Tomb Garden

Herod’s Tomb Garden In 2005, Netzer’s team found the long-sought tomb of Herod, positioned on a terrace constructed into the slope of the artificial hill. This terrace was ...
Judaea / Herodium

Herodium Lower Garden Complex

Lower Herodium Lower Herodium (Fig. 1C) comprises several units. Here the central focus is the large pool, the water of which was supplied by a 6 km long aqueduct built by Herod ...
Judaea / Herodium

Herodium Palace Fortress

Palace Fortress The Palace Fortress is a cylindrical structure originally seven stories high (two vaulted corridors in the substructure and five stories of corridors each having ...
Africa Proconsularis / Utica

House H (Maison H)

This house, the largest in insula III (lots 2,3,4,9,10), rivals the House of the Cascade in size and richness of mosaics (Plan view, Fig.1). A semicircular basin extended into ...
Italia / Ostia

House of Amor and Psyche

The entrance of this house (Fig. 1) (which takes its name from the statuary group found in room b) provides access to a large portico (a) with four columns on marble bases, ...
Italia / Rome / Regio X Palatium

House of Augustus

This important house, the Domus Augusti, which incorporated part of the earlier Domus of Quintus Hortensius (Vell. Pat. II.81 | Trans.), must have contained important gardens. ...
Achaea / Delos

House of Fourni

In the Late Hellenistic houses of Delos the impluvia of peristyle courtyards were usually paved, and rainwater falling into these courtyards was emptied as wastewater by sewers ...
Africa Proconsularis / Thuburbo Maius

House of Neptune (Maison de Neptune)

The house was laid out around a peristyle garden (IV-VIII), with four porticos supported by twelve columns. A low wall separated the porticos from the garden (Plan view, Fig. 1). ...
Achaea / Olympia

House of Nero

This house was built at the time of, and possibly for, the emperor Nero, who, on several occasions in the mid-1st century A.D., performed personally in the games at Olympia. To ...
Africa Proconsularis / Thuburbo Maius

House of Nicentus (Maison de Nicentus)

The house is adjacent to the E angle of the Forum at the back of the Curia. It was laid out around a peristyle garden (VI-X) of 12 columns (Plan view, Fig. 1). A low wall ...
Numidia / Thamugadi

House of Sertius (Maison de Sertius)

This large domus the result of the combining of two houses, is located at the periphery of the center of the city. The domus is laid out around two peristyles. The first, near ...
Italia / Ostia

House of the Bucrania

In the summer of 2002 part of the hortus of the Domus with peristyle was excavated (in the west corner) (Fig. 1, d). At 80 cm under the present sea level, part of the garden of a ...
Africa Proconsularis / Utica

House of the Cascade (Maison de la Cascade)

This house, the largest in the insula II (lots 2,3,8,9,10), was given its present form in the second century. A large peristyle with elaborate viridarium dominated the S part of ...
Africa Proconsularis / Thysdrus

House of the Dolphins (Maison des dauphins)

The vast house (3000-3500 m2) is laid out around a large peristyle garden (Plan view, Fig.1). The large sunken garden (X, 16 x 16.25 m) was enclosed by a low wall (0.70 m high) ...
Italia / Ostia

House of the Fortuna Annonaria

The peristyle garden (Fig. 1, a) has travertine columns on three sides. The fourth side coincides with the perimeter wall of the house, which forms part of the original plan, ...
Africa Proconsularis / Utica

House of the Grand Oecus (Maison du grand oecus)

This house is the most important dwelling discovered to date at Utica. The large peristyle garden (XXVII), enclosed by a portico on four sides (XXVIII-XXX) had a long basin ...
Africa Proconsularis / Thysdrus

House of the Lucius Verus

The house was laid out around a large persityle garden of twenty-two columns (20 x15.5 m) that had a euripus and a semicircular basin facing a large reception room (Plan view, ...
Africa Proconsularis / Thuburbo Maius

House of the Palms (Maison des Palmes)

The house of the Palms was located to the NW of the forum. A semicircular basin was installed at a later date over the mosaic in the NW portico at the edge of what was perhaps a ...
Africa Proconsularis / Thysdrus

House of the Peacock (Maison du Paon)

This large house (1800 m2) adjacent to the domus of Sollertiana on the N had a large peristyle garden (XIII, 10.50 x 13.20 m) enclosed on four sides by a portico (XIV-XVII) of 18 ...
Numidia / Thamugadi

House of the Planters (Maison aux jardinières)

Located SW of the Decumanus and NE of the forum, the house of the "Jardinières" almost square shaped, was laid out around a peristyle of 10 columns. Along the three porticoes and ...
Africa Proconsularis / Thuburbo Maius

House of the Protomes (Maison des Protomés)

This very large house on the western edge of the site had two sectors, the Trifolium area and the Protomes area (Plan view, Fig. 1). The Trifolium sector, was laid out around a ...
Italia / Ostia

House of the Thunderbolt (Domus Fulminata)

The peristyle garden, excavated in 1941, was surrounded by a portico on all four sides, supported by brick columns, some of which were paired or clustered in threes (Fig. 1). In ...
Africa Proconsularis / Utica

House of the Treasure (Maison au trésor)

The House is located in the insula II (Lots 1,7). The peristyle garden had a semicircular basin extending from the two middle columns on the S side, facing the triclinium (XVII) ...
Africa Proconsularis / Thugga

House of the Trifolium (Maison du Trifolium)

This house is the largest excavated to-date at Thugga. It appears to date from the first half of the 3rd century. The rooms on the ground floor were arranged around a large court,...
Numidia / Thamugadi

House of the Warehouse (Maison de l'entrepôt)

This large house was laid out around two peristyles (A,B) arranged along the N S axis. The plan presents a complex layout notably in the southern part of the domus upon which the ...
Africa Proconsularis / Utica

House of the West (Maison de l'est)

The peristyle garden (V) has a rectangular basin with curved angles extending from two middle columns on the W side, facing the triclinium (XI) (Plan view, Fig.1). The house is ...
Italia / Ostia

House on Via del Tempio Rotondo

This house was only partially excavated between June 1972 and January 1973 (Fig. 1). In its Augustan phase the peristyle garden (a) was adorned with a large central basin paved ...
Italia / Ostia

House with Peristyle

During the winter 1938-1939 part of an earlier building was found under the occupation level of the Schola of the Trajan. It was called House with peristyle, as the main ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region I

I.2.15

This humble house was excavated in 1873. It had no garden but the impluvium was surrounded by a low masonry wall. The top contained a planting bed which served as a small garden. ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region I

I.2.16

This house was excavated in 1873. The entranceway led directly to the portico which enclosed the garden on the north and east. In the northwest corner of the portico a masonry ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region I

I.2.17

A. At the rear of the house was a very small garden entered from the tablinum. Excavated in 1872, much of the garden was occupied by two small raised pools, according to Mau. ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region I

I.2.20 Caupona of Innulus

This small caupona had a garden at the rear with a roofed passageway on the east and the south. It was excavated in 1873 and a masonry biclinium (l. medius, 2.65m.; l. imus 2.94 ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region I

I.2.22

This caupona was excavated in 1873 but the reports offer insufficient details to determine if the open area had been planted. The room was entered directly from the street and ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region I

I.2.24 Officina Libraria

The garden east of the atrium had a portico extending along the south and part of the west sides. A low wall (0.52m high) connected the columns and an entrance to the garden was ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region I

I.2.3

The small viridarium at the rear of the house had narrow, slightly raised beds along the walls on the north and east side. These beds were for the cultivation of flowers, ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region I

I.2.6

The west portico of the small peristyle garden at the rear of the house was entered through two doors directly from the atrium. The garden was enclosed on four sides by a portico ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region I

I.3.20/22

At the rear of this house there was a garden with a passageway on the north and the west. The garden had a gutter along the east, north, and west edges. Embedded in the garden ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region I

I.3.23 House of Actius Anicetus

This site was excavated in 1868 revealing a peristyle garden at the rear of the house. A portico on the east and north side was supported by five columns connected by a low wall. ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region I

I.3.24 House of Capella

At the rear of the house, excavated in 1868, there was a peristyle garden with a portico supported by three brick columns on the east and north sides. The south wall had a ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region I

I.3.25

A. This house had an irregular plan and a small peristyle garden enclosed on three sides by a low masonry wall. The wall was topped by four stuccoed brick columns which supported ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region I

I.3.3 House of Epidius Fortunatus

A. On the right of the tablinum were ten steps that led to the peristyle garden. A portico enclosed the garden on the west, north and east sides. This was supported by ten ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region I

I.3.30

This small house, excavated in 1872, had no atrium and the peristyle garden was to the right of the north end of the entrance passageway. A portico enclosed the garden on the ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region I

I.4.11 Caupona of Copious

This modest caupona had a garden at the rear that was raised one step higher than the rest of the building. It once had a masonry altar with a lararium painting above but both of ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region I

I.4.2

This peristyle garden had two entrances on the west and the south. It was located at the rear of the tablinum and had a portico on the west and south enclosed by a low wall and ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region I

I.4.22

Directly to the rear of the atrium, a small viridarium with a paved space (1.70 x 2.50m) behind it suggested use as a summer triclinium to Fiorelli. Soprano was certain that ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region I

I.4.5/25 House of the Citharist

A. Excavation took place at this large house intermittently form 1853 to 1869. There were three large parallel, adjacent gardens. A portico, supported by seventeen stuccoed ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region I

I.4.9

This garden contains a cistern opening and form the entrance a viridarium at the rear of the tablinum and a niche lararium are clearly visible. Bibliography Boyce, G.K. 1937. ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region I

I.5.2 Officina Coriarioum of M. Vesonius Primus

A. This tannery was excavated in 1873-1874. The peristyle courtyard had a portico to the north and east supported by brick pillars which had been most likely been built when the ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region I

I.5.3/16

This site had been destroyed in antiquity and probably had been a hospitium. Excavated in 1874, the remains of a watering trough for animals and a stable were uncovered. Often ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region I

I.6.13 House of Stallus Eros

At the rear of this house a masonry wall surrounded the small garden which was undergoing extensive repairs at the time of the eruption. A lararium niche was located on the east ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region I

I.6.7 Fullonica of Stephanus

This house had been converted to a fullery and the small peristyle garden to the rear probably served as a drying area. Five pillars of the portico were connected by a low, ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region I

I.6.8-9

This modest house had rooms opening off the small peristyle garden at the rear of the structure. The rooms had been remodeled to serve as a shop and at the time of the eruption, ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region I

I.7.15-17 Shop-House

The shop-house was laid out in a very irregular manner and the garden took up most of the space. There was a masonry triclinium in the southern part of the garden. This had a ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region I

I.7.18 Shop-House

Two paintings were found on the west wall of the atrium behind this shop, one was of a porticus villa on the sea and the second was a garden representation (o.16 x 0.43 m.). The ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region I

I.7.7 House of the Priest Amandus

One step above the level of the triclinium of this small house with an irregular floor plan was a peristyle garden. It was to the west of the atrium and enclosed on the north and ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region II / Insula II / House 4

II.2.4 House of Messius Ampliatus

A. The portico which bordered the peristyle garden on the north and east side was accessed from the entrance hall. This site had been extensively damaged prior to excavation. B. ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region II / Insula IIi / House4 6

II.3.4-6

A. A small garden at the rear of this connected house and caupona may have originally contained the two small statuettes found at this site in 1953. The two pieces were a ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region II / Insula IIi

II.3.7/9

This garden restaurant was strategically located across from the Palaestra. This garden occupied most of the southern part of this insula and had a masonry triclinium (l. medius, ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region II / Insula IV / House

II.4 Estate of Julia Felix; Praedia di Giulia Felice

Three separate gardens were located in this property. A. Garden A (entrance 9) occupies the entire insula and is one of the largest properties in the city. It was originally ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region II / Insula V / House

II.5 Large Vineyard

Located north of the amphitheater, this site was initially identified as the Foro Boario or Cattle Market. A small amount of excavation was started in 1755, but in 1814 the ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region II / Insula VII

II.6 The Great Palaestra

Colonnaded porticoes encircled the palaestra on the south, west and north. A large swimming pool (34.55 m x 22.25 m) was located in the center. Casts made of tree cavities ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region II / Insula VIII

II.8.1

Jashemski examined this sizeable garden to the rear of this property in 1957 and concluded that the pronounced north-south furrows bordered by water channels indicated that this ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region II / Insula VIII

II.8.2-3

Customers at this thermopolium were served at a counter looking onto the street and at the masonry triclinium (l. medius, 3.60 m.; l. imus 2.85; l. summus 2.30 m.) in the rear ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region II / Insula VIII

II.8.5

A. A very small bath was located at the left rear of the atrium in this unusual building. Behind this was a tiny garden with three small triclinia on either side. The couches of ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region II / Insula VIII

II.8.6 House of the Garden of Hercules

A large aedicula lararium on the east wall and a large triclinium (l. medius, 4.40 m.; l. imus 4.00; l. summus 3.80 m.; table between couches 1.00 x 1.67m.) were found in the ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region II / Insula IX

II.9.6-7 House of Summer Triclinium

A. To the west of the Great Palaestra there was a large garden which was partially excavated in 1954-1956. A low masonry wall with planting spaces in the top enclosed an ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region II / Insula I

II.i.12 (House of the Birii; House of the Sibyl)

The worship of the Thracian-Phrygian vegetation god, Sabazius, took place in this large peristyles (Roman courtyards) garden which was entered through a wide vestibule from the ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region II / Insula I

II.i.3-7

The garden in the southeast section of this area was shared the house at entrance 3 and shops 4, 5, and 6 on the Via dell’Abbondanza. It was also possible to enter the garden ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region II / Insula I

II.i.7A/11

A. (Entrance 7A) A square garden area was tucked behind two rooms. The beginnings of an arc-shaped structure in the northeast corner could have been the beginning of an ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region II / Insula I

II.i.7B/8-9

A. The access to this garden featured an arched niche high on the garden wall located either side of the direct entrance from the street at entrance 8. A further entrance (7A) ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region II / Insula II

II.ii.2 (House of D. Octavius Quartio)

A. The spacious Tuscan atrium of this luxurious house excavated in 1918-1921 was a lavish garden. A low, double masonry wall, faced with marble on the outside, bordered the ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region II / Insula II

II.ii.4

A. The portico which bordered the peristyle garden on the north and east side, and was accessed from the entrance hall. This site had been extensively damaged prior to excavation....
Italia / Ostia

Insula dei Dipinti

The large open area in this insula, divided into two by a wall, was identified as a garden at the time of excavation (1914 to 1919), but on little evidence apart from the absence ...
Italia / Herculaneum / Insula or I / House 1

Insula or. I.1

B. The front of this house has an L-shaped terrace (b) which provided a passageway between the kitchen and the triclinium that opened onto the long loggia (c) with a spectacular ...
Italia / Herculaneum / Insula or II

Insula or. II

Directly south of the Great Palaestra there is a peristyle garden (a) enclosed by a portico. A pool with a low wall surrounding it is located in the center of this garden. Plans ...
Judaea / Jericho

Jericho Herodian First Palace

Herodian First Palace Herod may have been a regular guest at the Hasmonean palace during his boyhood. Even after he effected his rule in 37 B.C., the Hasmoneans retained ...
Judaea / Jericho

Jericho Herodian Second Palace

Herodian Second Palace The earthquake of 31 B.C. destroyed the Hasmonean palace complex, and the political changes that took place after Actium enabled Herod to gain full ...
Judaea / Jericho

Jericho Herodian Third Palace Ionic Peristyle

Ionic Peristyle This peristyle courtyard (19.1 x 18.7) lies adjacent to the banquet hall and near Roman baths constructed in opus reticulatum. It is referred to in excavation ...
Judaea / Jericho

Jericho Herodian Third Palace Sunken Garden

Sunken Garden The monumental ‘sunken garden’ (B6), which measures 37.27 x 113.67m, lies largely unexcavated on the south side of Wadi Qelt, in alignment with the buildings and ...
Judaea / Jericho

Jericho Palace of John Hyrcanus I

Palace of John Hyrcanus I Erected on the southern margin of the royal estate around 120 B.C., north of Wadi Qelt, the palace has not yet been studied in its entirety, since at a ...
Judaea / Jericho

Jericho Pool Complex of Alexander Janneaus

Pool Complex of Alexander Janneaus The ascent to the throne of Alexander Jannaeus in 103 B.C. triggered a significant development in the above palace. He constructed another ...
Achaea / Delos

Kitchen and Commercial Gardens

The inscriptions of the sanctuary of Apollo mention nearly 30 kepoi within the period of 433 B.C. to 156/155 B.C., which were either private or belonged to Apollo and were rented ...
Achaea / Olympia

Leonidaion

This building southwest of the temple of Zeus was the largest guest house in the sanctuary at Olympia. The original Leonidaion, a gift of Leonidas from Naxos, was built shortly ...
Achaea / Athens

Library of Hadrian

The most monumental building dedicated to education and intellectual pursuits in Athens was the so-called Library of Hadrian (Fig. 1). It consisted of four columned halls with ...
Judaea / Macchaerus

Machaerus Southern Courtyard

During the architectural survey in 2010, the team excavated a 4 x 2m trench to the west of the storerooms and east of the bath quarter. Working to a depth of 2m, the ...
Judaea / Masada

Masada

The earliest phases of Herodian building are seen in the Western Palace area. These buildings are architecturally similar to the Hasmonean palaces at Jericho and include the ...
Italia / Rome / Regio IX Circus Flaminius

Mausoleum Augusti

The Mausoleum of Augustus was located in the northern Campus Martius between the Via Flaminia and the Tiber. The exact bounds of the park are unknown, but they stretched from ...
Achaea / Athens

Neoplatonic School Near the Areopagus

Several houses with peristyle courtyards were built north of the Areopagus in the second half of the 4th century A.D. These have been interpreted as schools of the Neoplatonic ...
Italia / Rome / Regio X Palatium

Neronian Palace

In the Neronian period the architecture and the size of gardens changed substantially, as did the building criteria and urban organization of the city. With Nero, the Romans ...
Arabia Petraea / Tyrus

Palace of Hyrcanus the Tobiad

This large preserved palace provides a rare glimpse of the kind of luxurious complex built by the late Hellenistic Alexandrian elite. According to Josephus (Antiquities Book 12:22...
Achaea / Athens

Palace of the Giants

A large complex of the early 5th century A.D. in the southern part of the Agora on the site of the earlier Odeon of Agrippa generally has been interpreted as a late Roman ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region II / Insula II / House 4

Peristyle garden in house of Messius Ampliatus (II.ii.4)

Dates Unspecified Bibliography Della, Corte M, Case Ed Abitanti Di Pompei, Pompei-scavi: M. Della Corte, 1954. Print. worldcat Jashemski, Wilhelmina F, ‘The Garden of Hercules at ...
Achaea / Delos

Peristyle Gardens in the Quarter of the Theater

In the Late Hellenistic houses of Delos the impluvia of peristyle courtyards were usually paved, and rainwater falling into these courtyards was emptied as wastewater by sewers ...
Arabia Petraea / Petra

Petra Garden and Pool Complex

The only example of a garden investigated using specialized garden archaeology techniques in the region of Arabia Petraea is found at Petra. A large open area was believed to be ...
Italia / Ostia

Piazzale della Corporazioni

In the original plan of the Augustan period the garden area to the back of the theater was surrounded on three sides by a roofed corridor opening onto the Tiber on the northern ...
Italia / Rome / Regio III Isis Et Serapis

Porticus Liviae

Located on the Oppian hill between the Clivus Suburanus and the later Baths of Trajan (Thermae Traiani) in the Subura, the Porticus Liviae is represented on three fragments of ...
Italia / Rome / Regio IX Circus Flaminius

Porticus of Pompey

Completed in 55 BCE on the Campus Martius, the Porticus Pompeianae, or Porticus of Pompey, was Rome’s first public park (Plin. HN 37.6.13; Propertius 2.32.11 | Trans.; Vitruvius ...
Britannia / Fishbourne

Roman Palace in Fishbourne

Fishbourne Roman Palace was accidentally discovered during the digging of a water main trench in 1960. The discovery led to nine seasons of excavations (1961-69) that showed the ...
Britannia / Gatcombe

Rural Estate in Gatcombe

This site of a large rural estate about 9 hectares in size in Somerset is enclosed within a massive wall (Fig.1). Although the site was not completely excavated, there is ...
Britannia / Bancroft

Rural Villa in Bancroft

Excavations between 1983 and 1986 at this site in Buckinghamshire revealed a Roman villa of the winged corridor type, which was built in the late 3rd century and rebuilt and ...
Britannia / Chedworth

Rural Villa in Chedworth

This Roman villa in Gloucestershire was partially excavated in the late 19th century, but only the built features and their mosaic floors appear to have been of interest to the ...
Britannia / Darenth

Rural Villa in Darenth

Excavations at this site of a Roman villa in Kent uncovered a large rectangular masonry pool in the courtyard, which was enclosed by buildings on the north, west, and east (Fig. ...
Britannia / Eccles

Rural Villa in Eccles

This country estate in modern Kent possessed a large ornamental pool (P in Fig. 1) in the area in front of the main residence (A in Fig. 1) and to the east of the attached bath ...
Britannia / Frocester-Court

Rural Villa in Frocester Court

This Roman villa in Gloucestershire is situated about 14 miles west of the civitas capital Corinium Dobunnorum (Cirencester). The main residence is of the winged corridor type, ...
Britannia / Gorhambury

Rural Villa in Gorhambury

At this site in Hertfordshire near the town of Verulamium (St. Albans) excavations have revealed a multi-phased Roman farm, characterized in late Iron Age and Roman times by an ...
Britannia / Latimer

Rural Villa in Latimer

Excavations at this country house in Buckinghamshire have produced evidence for gardens adjacent to the main residence in its latest phase dating to the beginning of the 4th ...
Britannia / Sudeley

Rural Villa in Sudeley/Spoonley Wood

The main residence of this rural estate in Gloucestershire, excavated in 1882, is of the winged corridor type (Fig. 1). From the north and south corners of the house, walls ran ...
Italia / Herculaneum / Sacred Area

Sacred Area Outside the South Walls

The southern edge of town was against a sharp drop to the sea. A terrace located on this drop held two shrines (a) and (b) and a series of rooms for cult activities. All of these ...
Africa Proconsularis / Thugga

Sanctuary B, the templa Concordiae

Sanctuary B, the templa Concordiae (117-138 CE), is a monument from the time of Hadrian dedicated to several deities, four of whom are known from the texts: Concordia, Frugifer, ...
Achaea / Kyrtones

Sanctuary of Apollo and the Nymphs

A grove and shrine of Apollo in the mountaintop town of Kyrtones in Boeotia was visited by Pausanias in the 2nd century A.D. (9.24.4). There was also a natural spring at the site,...
Achaea / Aulis

Sanctuary of Artemis

The Greeks in Homer’s Iliad sacrificed to Artemis at Aulis in Boeotia in the hopes of favorable winds to carry them from Greek shores to Troy (Il. 2.305-310). The late 5th ...
Achaea / Sikyon

Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone

Pausanias gave directions on how to reach the grove called Pyraia, located near the city of Sikyon (2.11.3). He did not reveal what kind of trees grew here, but the grove was ...
Achaea / Phigalia

Sanctuary of Ganymede or Hebe

The only indication that there was a garden at this sanctuary is a literary reference to a grove of cypress trees. According to Pausanias (2.13.3), this ancient sanctuary in the ...
Achaea / Epidauros

Sanctuary of Hyernetho

According to local legend, the Argive maiden, Hyrnetho, died in an ancestral struggle and was buried on this site (Pausanias, 2.28.6-7). The sanctuary lay in the midst of a grove ...
Achaea / Isthmia

Sanctuary of Poseidon

We know of a grove of trees in the precinct of the temple of Poseidon, thanks to Pausanias’ and Strabo’s descriptions of it in the early 1st and the later 2nd century A.D. (Strab....
Achaea / Onchestos

Sanctuary of Poseidon Onchestios

According to Pausanias, the ancient city of Onchestos in Boeotia lay in ruins by the time he visited the site in the 2nd century A.D., but the shrine and statue of Poseidon ...
Achaea / Olympia

Sanctuary of Zeus

The extensive sanctuary at which Panhellenic athletic games took place, was situated on the Alpheus river in groves of trees of ancient date. In early Greek mythology, the semi-di...
Achaea / Nemea

Sanctuary of Zeus

The grove of trees at the temple of Zeus is known through Pausanias’ description of it (2.15.2) and from archaeological excavations in the temple precinct. Excavations in the ...
Achaea / Megalopolis

Sanctuary of Zeus Philios

Pausanias mentioned a small grove of trees in the sanctuary of Zeus Philios that was in close proximity to the agora in Megalopolis (8.31.4-5). The grove was enclosed within a ...
Italia / Ostia

Schola of Trajan

The monumental complex of the Schola of the Trajan, presumed headquarters of the corporation of the marine carpenters, was built c.160-200 and abandoned after the 4th century CE. ...
Arabia Petraea / Hauarra

Shrine Complex in Insula E125

A few decades after a Nabataean shrine (Fig. 2) at Hauarra had been severely damaged during the Roman conquest of Arabia Petraea, the site’s inhabitants built another shrine at ...
Africa Proconsularis / Thysdrus

Sollertianna Domus

This large house (1120 m2) at the periphery of the SW quarter was laid out around a peristyle garden (VII, 8.20x11.30 m) enclosed on four sides by a portico of 14 columns that ...
Britannia / Camulodunum

Suburban Gardens in Camulodunum

Outside the walls of the city, utilitarian gardens were planted, possibly in the 3rd century, in allotments along the road leading to the Balkerne Gate. Upon the widening of the ...
Achaea / Aegina

Temple Grove

Evidence for a temple grove on Aegina exists only in a literary reference. Pausanias (2.29.6) wrote that the shrine of Aiakos was surrounded by a grove of olive trees. Pausanias ...
Africa Proconsularis / Thuburbo Maius

Temple of Baalat (Temple de Balaat)

Only the central passage (III) way leading to the temple (IV) was paved. The rest of the courtyard (II), which was enclosed by a portico (I), was probably planted as in temple E (...
Africa Proconsularis / Thuburbo Maius

Temple of Caelestis (Temple de Caelestis)

The marble causeway leading to the temple was bordered on each side with soil that was probably planted as in temple E (Plan view, Fig. 1). Maps Plans Fig. 1: Plan of the Temple ...
Achaea / Athens

Temple of Hephaistos

On the western edge of the Athenian Agora on Kolonos hill was the Temple of Hephaistos, built in the second half of the 5th century B.C. Excavations in 1937 around the temple ...
Africa Proconsularis / Thugga

The anonymous sanctuary, Dar Lachheb

The anonymous sanctuary, called Dar Lachheb (184-187 CE), located about fifty meters below the forum, is of African type. In line with the entrance to the complex, a large cella ...
Achaea / Corinth

The Circus of Roman Corinth

The circus of Roman Corinth was excavated in 1967-1968 in the so-called Gymnasium area to the north of the city. The eastern curved meta, a portion of the spina (a total of 19 ...
Italia / Rome / Regio X Palatium

The Garden of the Julio-Claudian Domus

At the end of the Republican era and the beginning of the Empire, residential dwellings occupied, at least in part, the northeastern corner of the Palatine. Two distinct ...
Italia / Rome / Regio X Palatium

The Late Republican Domus

In the Republican period, by the 1st century BCE, the Palatine Hill had small but numerous gardens associated with the well-appointed houses (domus) situated upon it. Among these ...
Italia / Rome / Regio X Palatium

The Palatine 'Stadium'

An important garden area in the Flavian Palace was the so-called "Stadium", actually a hippodromus, as late authors in fact called it. This term, which is often used with regard ...
Africa Proconsularis / Thugga

The sanctuary of Caelestis

The sanctuary of Caelestis, installed on the north-western outskirts of the city, was built on a sizeable plot of land allocated to it by its commissioner during the reign of ...
Africa Proconsularis / Thugga

The sanctuary of Minerva 2

The sanctuary of Minerva 2, (138-161 CE), built later than the templa Concordiae, presents a very different configuration. The cella, projecting outwards from the courtyard lined ...
Africa Proconsularis / Thugga

The sanctuary of the Victories of Caracalla

The sanctuary of the Victories of Caracalla, situated in the southwest of the forum, was built in a residential area in 214 CE on a particularly cramped and steep site (figure 12)...
Italia / Rome / Regio X Palatium

The Severan Complex

The most visible remains from this period are a massive series of substructure arcades along the slope of the Palatine overlooking the Circus Maximus. It had been considered that ...
Africa Proconsularis / Thugga

Theater (Theâtre)

At the rear of the theater is a xystis known from the dedication inscription (CIL VIII 26606, 26608) (Plan view, Fig.1). The word xystis probably corresponds to the portico and ...
Italia / Rome / Regio IX Circus Flaminius

Thermae Agrippae

Knowledge of this thermae, or bathing complex, and its associated public gardens comes from textual evidence and the Severan Marble Plan (FUR) (Figs. 1–2). Located in the central ...
Britannia / Chester

Tomb Painting in Chester

Toynbee’s suggestion that a military tombstone from Chester depicting a row of three gabled buildings with stylized trees or shrubs planted in front of the two at the sides ...
Achaea / Athens

Urban Houses Near the Areopagus

Several Roman houses in Athens make use of the remains of Classical and Hellenistic buildings, and, as far as we can tell, these houses generally had courtyards paved with marble ...
Achaea / Nicopolis

Victory Monument of Augustus

The tropaeum of Nicopolis, a monument celebrating the naval victory of Octavian over the joint forces of Anthony and Cleopatra at Actium, is situated on the so-called Sacred Hill ...
Italia / Rome / Regio X Palatium

Vigna Barberini

The artificial terrace that now carries the Barberini family name is located on the northeastern corner of the Palatine, beyond the visible remains of the Flavian Imperial palace ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula II

VIII.2.1. House of Championnet I

This house was excavated in 1799 and to the rear of the tablinium there was a portico which enclosed an area surrounded by a gutter. Openings were cut in the floor where the ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula II

VIII.2.13.

The room (b) to the east had a good view into this garden (a) which was located to the rear of the tablinium. A column supported portico bordered the garden on the east and south....
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula II

VIII.2.14/16.

A. The volcanic ledge that this peristyle garden (a) was built on dictated an irregular shape to the portico that enclosed it. The portico had fourteen columns and a rectangular ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula II

VIII.2.18-20.

A. The Sarno Bath is included in this block of irregular shaped houses, reached by entrance 17 on the Via della Scuole that goes to the lower levels. On the street level there ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula II

VIII.2.29-30.

There was a narrow portico on the eastern lower level of this double house 2.20 m. wide with columns connected by a wooden fence. Several steps lower the construction of a ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula II

VIII.2.3. House of Championnet II

This house, very similar to VII.ii.1, was also excavated in 1799. This peristyle garden had fourteen columns and was more rectangular. There was a terrace to the rear and a small ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula II

VIII.2.34.

A colonnaded portico stood at the edge of the terrace (a) on the street level of this house. Below it was another terrace enclosed by a low wall. Sogliano and Mau disagree as to ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula II

VIII.2.36/37.

This house was excavated in 1885. The entrance at 37 went into the atrium and beyond that, up two steps, was the peristyle with a portico on three sides supported by stuccoed ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula II

VIII.2.39. House of Emperor Joseph II

This was the last of the houses to be built on the Via della Regina, all of which were built over the south wall of the city. Located directly west of the Triangular Forum, it ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula III

VIII.3.14. House of Queen Carolina; House of Adonis

A large aedicula shrine was built against the rear wall of this long garden (a) directly across from the north side of the atrium, which was entirely open to this view. The ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula III

VIII.3.15. Caupona

This caupona had originally been part of a house according to Fiorelli. The unusual building had a garden (a) in the northeast corner that occupied over one quarter of the house ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula III

VIII.3.18/16-17. House of Diana

When this house was excavated in 1826, Fiorelli determined that after the earthquake it had been divided into two separated residences. The southeast corner was the location of a ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula III

VIII.3.21.

This small house had a roofed passageway supported by one column that bordered the garden (a) on the south and east. A low masonry wall enclosed the garden on these same sides ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula III

VIII.3.24.

A. The earthquake destroyed an elegant house on this site and this house was subsequently rebuilt on the ruins. A long fauces terminated in the garden (a) which was bounded on ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula III

VIII.3.27.

From the street, the fauces led to the entrance to the garden (a) which was enclosed on the south and west by a portico with five columns and two engaged columns, all connected ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula III

VIII.3.31. Case di Pan

This house, excavated in 1829-1830, had a peristyle garden (a) on the south side of the property, to the right of the atrium. A portico on the north and part of the south sides ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula IV

VIII.4.12-13. Shop-House

These two shops, excavated in 1861, shared a house and a garden (a) to the back. A portico enclosed the garden on all four sides. In the southwest corner of the garden there was ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula IV

VIII.4.26-29. Bakery and House of Felix

Directly across from the Temple of Isis was an entryway to this garden (a) which was located to the rear of the house. On the east there was a portico with two columns and high ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula IV

VIII.4.30.

This tiny house with the small atrium and adjacent rooms had formerly been a porticoed garden, part of house 15 according to Fiorelli. Plans Plan of Region VIII Insula IV ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula IV

VIII.4.33.

This garden (a) was tucked around the right end of a long fauces which led from the street. The garden was enclosed by a low wall and a gutter on the north and west and a narrow ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula IV

VIII.4.9. House of T. Mescinius Gelo

What was formerly a garden with a pool was converted into a large open area (a) by the demolition of some walls to the rear of the tablinium. Significant remnants of woolen and ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula V

VIII.5.15-16/18.

A. Over half the depth of the insula was crossed by a long angiportus which led from the Via dell’Abbondonza to an open area (a) past a wide portico. This extensive area was most ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula V

VIII.5.2. Casa del Gallo; House of the Cock

At the time of the eruption this peristyle garden (a) was in the process of renovation. Located behind the tablinium, the white fluted columns on the east and north were still ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula V

VIII.5.20/17. Caupona

Entry no. 17 from the angioportus offered a second access to this garden at the rear of the caupona. The rear wall was decorated with a rough painting of Silenus reclining in ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula V

VIII.5.24. Casa del Medico

The famous painting “Judgment of Solomon” (0.45 x 1.55m.; Mus. Naz. inv. no. 113 197; Ruesch no. 1343) was found in this garden (a) on the low wall that connected the four ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula V

VIII.5.37. Casa delle Pareti Rosse; House of the Fabii

This house was excavated in 1882 to reveal a small garden (a) at the rear entered by passageways on either side of the tablinium. The portico on the east had one column and two ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula V

VIII.5.39. House of Acceptus and Euhodia

A. This house was excavated in 1882 to reveal a small garden (a) at the rear entered by passageways on either side of the tablinium. The portico on the east had one column and ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula V

VIII.5.9.

At the rear of the tablinium excavated in 1881 a narrow garden (a) had a portico on the north supported by one pilaster, one engaged column and five stuccoed free-standing ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula VI

VIII.6.2/7. (no. 12 at Pompeii)

At the time of the eruption this site (a) was under construction. A portico was being built on the south and west sides using brick-shaped tufa columns and three old tufa columns....
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula VI

VIII.6.3. (no. 14 at Pompeii)

Only the bases remain of the fourteen brick columns that enclosed this garden (a). The area to the back of this house had been cleared of the wreckage of the earthquake, and the ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula VI

VIII.6.4-5. Market Garden

After the earthquake the eastern part of this insula had been converted into a market garden. When it was excavated in 1883-1884 some of the soil contours remained. A basin in ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula VI

VIII.6.9-10/1. House and Bakery

The atrium at the front of this house had been converted into a bakery. Towards the back a portico surrounded a small area (a). The portico columns were black at the base and red ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula VII

VIII.7.1. Caupona

This caupona, excavated in 1874, had a garden (a) across the back with a low wall on the east and a gutter that ran beside it, most of this covered by a roofed passageway. The ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula VII

VIII.7.10. Shop-House

Behind shop no. 10 and the accompanying living quarters was a garden (a) enclosed by a low wall on the east with an entrance on the north end. The excavations in 1906 uncovered a ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula VII

VIII.7.11.

Behind this shop and the rooms beyond that there was a garden (a). Plans Fig.23, Plan of Region VIII, Insula VII Pleiades ID 432873 TGN ID 7031897 Excavation Dates Unspecified Bib...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula VII

VIII.7.12.

The rear of this shop-house had a garden (a), perhaps with rooms overhead supported by columns in the garden according to Fiorelli. Plans Fig.23, Plan of Region VIII, Insula VII ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula VII

VIII.7.24.

The rooms adjoining the atrium of this house, excavated in 1795-1798, had been converted to a sculptor’s workshop. To the left of the atrium and up fifteen steps was a garden (a) ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula VII

VIII.7.26-27.

Beyond shop 26 and the living quarters behind it there was a very large garden (a) that was entered directly from the atrium through the portico that stood at the north side of ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula VII

VIII.7.28. Temple of Isis

This temple site was excavated in 1764-1766 and although, as Jashemski points out, it was likely that there was a sacred garden surrounding it, she could find no evidence of ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula VII

VIII.7.30. The Triangular Forum

The Doric Temple in the Triangular Forum was excavated between 1767 and 1797. A superlative view from the colonnade at the edge of the cliff looked across the Bay and a marble ...
Italia / Pompeii / Region VIII / Insula VII

VIII.7.6.

The extremely long entranceway from the street led all the way to the back of the house into the garden (a) which was excavated in 1906. A portico bordered the garden on the east ...
Achaea / Eua

Villa of Herodes Atticus

A large (20,000 sq. m.) villa on a small hill near the ancient site of Eua has been systematically excavated since the 1980s. Most of the discoveries, however, remain unpublished....